Abstract
Ammonium toxicity in plants is considered a global phenomenon, but the primary mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that although the addition of potassium or nitrate partially alleviated the inhibition of rice seedling root growth caused by ammonium toxicity, the combination of potassium and nitrate clearly improved the alleviation, probably via some synergistic mechanisms. The combined treatment with potassium and nitrate led to significantly improved alleviation effects on root biomass, root length, and embryonic crown root number. The aberrant cell morphology and the rhizosphere acidification level caused by ammonium toxicity, recovered only by the combined treatment. RNA sequencing analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the transcriptional response generated from the combined treatment involved cellulose synthesis, auxin, and gibberellin metabolism. Our results point out that potassium and nitrate combined treatment effectively promotes cell wall formation in rice, and thus, effectively alleviates ammonium toxicity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium partly alleviated ammonium inhibition of rice seedling root growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- rice seedling root growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of potassium or nitrate partially alleviated the inhibition of rice seedling root growth caused by ammonium toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate partly alleviated ammonium inhibition of rice seedling root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nitratee0
- Outcome
- rice seedling root growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of potassium or nitrate partially alleviated the inhibition of rice seedling root growth caused by ammonium toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined potassium and nitrate improved alleviation of ammonium inhibition of rice seedling root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of potassium and nitratee0
- Outcome
- alleviatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of potassium and nitrate clearly improved the alleviation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined potassium and nitrate significantly improved alleviation of root biomass, length and embryonic crown root number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined treatment with potassium and nitratee0
- Outcome
- root biomass, root length, and embryonic crown root numbere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatment with potassium and nitrate led to significantly improved alleviation effects on root biomass, root length, and embryonic crown root number.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Only combined treatment recovered aberrant cell morphology caused by ammonium toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- aberrant cell morphologye0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aberrant cell morphology and the rhizosphere acidification level caused by ammonium toxicity, recovered only by the combined treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Only combined treatment recovered rhizosphere acidification caused by ammonium toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere acidification levele0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aberrant cell morphology and the rhizosphere acidification level caused by ammonium toxicity, recovered only by the combined treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment produced a transcriptional response involving cellulose synthesis, auxin and gibberellin metabolism.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsee0
- Qualifier
- cellulose synthesis, auxin, and gibberellin metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcriptional response generated from the combined treatment involved cellulose synthesis, auxin, and gibberellin metabolism”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that combined potassium and nitrate promotes cell wall formation and alleviates ammonium toxicity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- potassium and nitrate combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- ammonium toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- cell wall formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium and nitrate combined treatment effectively promotes cell wall formation in rice, and thus, effectively alleviates ammonium toxicity”
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