Abstract
Weed interference and poor soil fertility are important factors resulting in the poor yield of rice in Nigeria. A 2-year field study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilization and weeding levels on growth and yield of upland rice in a forest savannah transition zone of Nigeria. A split-plot design in three replicates was used with three nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) as the main plot treatments, and four weeding levels (zero weeding, one hoe-weeding, two hoe-weedings and weed-free check) as the subplot treatments. Nitrogen fertilization levels had no significant effect on weed density, biomass and weed control efficacy. However, rice vigour, plant height, number of tillers and leaf area index increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilization levels up to 60 kg ha-1 and grain yield up to 90 kg ha-1. Two hoe-weedings increased weed control efficacy similar to the weed-free check better than one hoe-weeding. Rice vigour, tiller number, leaf area index and grain yield increased as number of hoe-weeding also increased. Weed-free check that included four hoe-weedings was not better than two hoe-weedings carried out 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS). The result of this study showed that nitrogen fertilization application at 90 kg ha-1 and two hoe-weedings at 3 and 6 WAS would improve weed control and productivity of upland rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen level had no significant effect on weed density, biomass or control efficacy.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilization levelse0
- Outcome
- weed density, biomass and weed control efficacye0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization levels had no significant effect on weed density, biomass and weed control efficacy.”
t0“upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice vigour, plant height and tiller number rose significantly with nitrogen up to 60 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization levels up to 60 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- rice vigour, plant height, number of tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice vigour, plant height, number of tillers and leaf area index increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilization levels up to 60 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index rose significantly with nitrogen up to 60 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization levels up to 60 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area index increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilization levels up to 60 kg ha-1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield rose significantly with nitrogen up to 90 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 90 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield up to 90 kg ha-1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hoe weedings improved weed control efficacy similarly to the weed free check and more than one hoe weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Two hoe-weedingse0
- Outcome
- weed control efficacye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- one hoe-weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two hoe-weedings increased weed control efficacy similar to the weed-free check better than one hoe-weeding.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice vigour, tiller number and leaf area index increased as hoe weeding number increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- number of hoe-weedinge0
- Outcome
- Rice vigour, tiller number, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice vigour, tiller number, leaf area index and grain yield increased as number of hoe-weeding also increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased as hoe weeding number increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- number of hoe-weedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield increased as number of hoe-weeding also increased.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Four hoe weedings in a weed free check were no better than two at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- four hoe-weedingse0
- Outcome
- not bettere0
- Direction
- not bettere0
- Qualifier
- 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS)e0
- Comparator
- two hoe-weedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed-free check that included four hoe-weedings was not better than two hoe-weedings carried out 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen and two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing to improve weed control and rice productivity.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilization application at 90 kg ha-1 and two hoe-weedings at 3 and 6 WASe0
- Outcome
- improve weed control and productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen fertilization application at 90 kg ha-1 and two hoe-weedings at 3 and 6 WAS would improve weed control and productivity of upland rice.”
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