Abstract
Photosynthesis is a pivotal process that determines the synthesis of carbohydrates required for sustaining growth under normal or stress situation. Stress exposure reduces the photosynthetic potential owing to the excess synthesis of reactive oxygen species that disturb the proper functioning of photosynthetic apparatus. This decreased photosynthesis is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism resulting in reduced growth under stress. We evaluated the importance of melatonin in reducing heat stress-induced severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The plants were subjected to 25 °C (optimum temperature) or 40 °C (heat stress) for 15 days at 6 h time duration and then developed the plants for 30 days. Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which were reflected in reduced photosynthesis. Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism that was needed to provide energy and carbon skeleton to the developing plant under stress. However, the increase in these parameters with melatonin was mediated via hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin. This suggests a crosstalk of melatonin and H2S in protecting heat stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition via regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress raised oxidative stress markers in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced wheat sugars, starch, carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which were reflected in reduced photosynthesis.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin reduced oxidative stress markers in heat-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- TBARS and H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased antioxidant enzyme activity in heat-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- augmentinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in heat-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger)e0
- Outcome
- ameliorative effect of melatonine0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin”
t0“Wheat”
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