Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in countermanding heat-inhibited photosynthetic features were studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Heat stress (HS) was employed at 40 °C after establishment for 6 h daily, and then plants were allowed to recover at 25 °C and grown for 30 days. Glucose (Glc) content increased under HS and repressed plant photosynthetic ability, but the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor) reduced Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression by enhancing ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) metabolism and antioxidant system, which reduced oxidative stress with decreased H2O2 and TBARS content. Oxidative stress reduction or inhibiting Glc repression was maximum with combined SNP and NaHS treatment, which was substantiated by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) and hypotaurine (HT), scavengers for NO and H2S, respectively. The scavenge of H2S reduced NO-mediated alleviation of HS suggesting of its downstream action in NO-mediated heat-tolerance. However, a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S) led to higher Glc-mediated repression of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in terms of increased H2O2 content that was comparable to HS plants. Thus, NO and H2S cooperate to enhance photosynthesis under HS by reducing H2O2-induced oxidative stress and excess Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased glucose content in wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Heat stress (HS)e1
- Outcome
- Glucose (Glc) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose (Glc) content increased under HS”
e1“Heat stress (HS) was employed at 40 °C”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose under heat stress repressed wheat photosynthetic ability.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- Glucose (Glc)e0
- Outcome
- plant photosynthetic abilitye0
- Direction
- repressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose (Glc) content increased under HS and repressed plant photosynthetic ability”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP alone reduced glucose-mediated photosynthetic suppression under heat stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor)e0
- Outcome
- Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppressione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor) reduced Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SNP and NaHS reduced glucose-mediated photosynthetic suppression under heat stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor)e0
- Outcome
- Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppressione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor) reduced Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and NaHS enhanced ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and the antioxidant system.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor)e1
- Outcome
- ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) metabolism and antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) metabolism and antioxidant system”
e1“sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor)”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and NaHS decreased H2O2 and TBARS content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor)e1
- Outcome
- H2O2 and TBARS contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased H2O2 and TBARS content”
e1“sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor)”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SNP and NaHS maximized reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of glucose repression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined SNP and NaHS treatmente0
- Outcome
- Oxidative stress reduction or inhibiting Glc repressione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxidative stress reduction or inhibiting Glc repression was maximum with combined SNP and NaHS treatment”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Scavenging H2S reduced NO-mediated alleviation of heat stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- scavenge of H2Se0
- Outcome
- NO-mediated alleviation of HSe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The scavenge of H2S reduced NO-mediated alleviation of HS”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer H2S acts downstream of NO in heat tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NO-mediated heat-tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- downstream actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting of its downstream action in NO-mediated heat-tolerance”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous reduction of NO and H2S increased glucose-mediated repression of photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S)e0
- Outcome
- Glc-mediated repression of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S) led to higher Glc-mediated repression of photosynthesis”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous reduction of NO and H2S increased H2O2 content to a level comparable with heat stress plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S)e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- HS plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S) led to higher Glc-mediated repression of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in terms of increased H2O2 content that was comparable to HS plants”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.