Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and its cross-talk with different signal mediators was studied upon the induction of heat-resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings afforded by a carbon monoxide (CO) donor hemin. It was found that the plant treatment with 5 µM hemin, enhancing the resistance, led to a transitory, almost twofold augmentation in the NO content and the nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the roots. These indexes attained maxima after 1 h of the seedling incubation in the hemin-containing medium. The increase in nitric oxide was eliminated by an inhibitor of nitrate reductase (sodium tungstate) but not by an inhibitor of NO synthase and diaminoxidase (aminoguanidine). The boost in NR and NO in the roots was also diminished by their treatment with a chelator of extracellular calcium (EGTA) or an inhibitor of calcium translocation from intracellular compartments into cytosol (neomycin). Meanwhile, the CO donor-induced rise in NR activity and NO content remained unaffected upon the treatment with an antioxidant dimethylthiourea (DMTU). The scavenger of nitric oxide (PTIO; 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and an NR inhibitor sodium tungstate added to the seedling incubation medium prevented the activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the roots caused by hemin. If the seedlings were injured by heating at 45°C, their pretreatment with the CO donor attenuated the oxidative stress (estimated by accumulation of a POL product MDA) and potentiated the seedling survival. These effects of hemin were eliminated by the seedling treatment with the scavenger of NO (PTIO) and that of H2O2 (DMTU), inhibitor of NR (sodium tungstate), and antagonists of calcium (EGTA or neomycin). It is concluded that NO, produced with the help of NR, participates in the signal transduction from the exogenous CO. Rise in the NO level stimulates the formation of ROS, which also mediates the accomplishment of the stress-protective effects of carbon monoxide. The CO-induced increase in the NO generation by the root cells and the heat acclimation also depend on the calcium homeostasis.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment of wheat seedlings with 5 uM hemin caused a transitory, almost twofold rise in NO content and nitrate reductase activity in roots.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 5 µM hemine0
- Outcome
- NO content and the nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- augmentatione0
- Value
- almost twofolde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“the plant treatment with 5 µM hemin, enhancing the resistance, led to a transitory, almost twofold augmentation in the NO content and the nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NO content and NR activity reached their maxima after 1 h of incubation in hemin medium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- maximae1
- Value
- 1 he1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“the nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the roots”
e1“These indexes attained maxima after 1 h of the seedling incubation in the hemin-containing medium”
Claim · model-written summary
The hemin-induced increase in nitric oxide was eliminated by the nitrate reductase inhibitor sodium tungstate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium tungstatee0
- Outcome
- increase in nitric oxidee0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The increase in nitric oxide was eliminated by an inhibitor of nitrate reductase (sodium tungstate) but not by an inhibitor of NO synthase and diaminoxidase (aminoguanidine)”
Claim · model-written summary
The hemin-induced increase in nitric oxide was not eliminated by aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NO synthase and diaminoxidase.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- aminoguanidinee0
- Outcome
- increase in nitric oxidee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The increase in nitric oxide was eliminated by an inhibitor of nitrate reductase (sodium tungstate) but not by an inhibitor of NO synthase and diaminoxidase (aminoguanidine)”
Claim · model-written summary
The boost in NR and NO in roots was diminished by the extracellular calcium chelator EGTA.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- EGTAe0
- Outcome
- boost in NR and NOe0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The boost in NR and NO in the roots was also diminished by their treatment with a chelator of extracellular calcium (EGTA) or an inhibitor of calcium translocation from intracellular compartments into cytosol (neomycin)”
Claim · model-written summary
The boost in NR and NO in roots was diminished by neomycin, an inhibitor of calcium release from intracellular stores into the cytosol.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- neomycine0
- Outcome
- boost in NR and NOe0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The boost in NR and NO in the roots was also diminished by their treatment with a chelator of extracellular calcium (EGTA) or an inhibitor of calcium translocation from intracellular compartments into cytosol (neomycin)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CO-donor-induced rise in NR activity and NO content was unaffected by the antioxidant dimethylthiourea (DMTU).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dimethylthiourea (DMTU)e0
- Outcome
- rise in NR activity and NO contente0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“the CO donor-induced rise in NR activity and NO content remained unaffected upon the treatment with an antioxidant dimethylthiourea (DMTU)”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger PTIO prevented the hemin-caused activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PTIOe0
- Outcome
- activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The scavenger of nitric oxide (PTIO; 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and an NR inhibitor sodium tungstate added to the seedling incubation medium prevented the activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the roots caused by hemin”
Claim · model-written summary
The NR inhibitor sodium tungstate prevented the hemin-caused activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- sodium tungstatee0
- Outcome
- activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The scavenger of nitric oxide (PTIO; 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and an NR inhibitor sodium tungstate added to the seedling incubation medium prevented the activation of extracellular peroxidase and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the roots caused by hemin”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with the CO donor attenuated oxidative stress, estimated by MDA accumulation, in seedlings injured by heating at 45 C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with the CO donore0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
- Qualifier
- estimated by accumulation of a POL product MDAe0
- Setting
- heating at 45°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“If the seedlings were injured by heating at 45°C, their pretreatment with the CO donor attenuated the oxidative stress (estimated by accumulation of a POL product MDA) and potentiated the seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with the CO donor increased the survival of seedlings injured by heating at 45 C.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with the CO donore0
- Outcome
- seedling survivale0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
- Setting
- heating at 45°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“If the seedlings were injured by heating at 45°C, their pretreatment with the CO donor attenuated the oxidative stress (estimated by accumulation of a POL product MDA) and potentiated the seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
The protective effects of hemin were eliminated by the NO scavenger PTIO, the H2O2 scavenger DMTU and the NR inhibitor sodium tungstate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- scavenger of NO (PTIO) and that of H2O2 (DMTU), inhibitor of NR (sodium tungstate)e0
- Outcome
- effects of hemine0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“These effects of hemin were eliminated by the seedling treatment with the scavenger of NO (PTIO) and that of H2O2 (DMTU), inhibitor of NR (sodium tungstate), and antagonists of calcium (EGTA or neomycin)”
Claim · model-written summary
The protective effects of hemin were eliminated by the calcium antagonists EGTA and neomycin.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- antagonists of calcium (EGTA or neomycin)e0
- Outcome
- effects of hemine0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“These effects of hemin were eliminated by the seedling treatment with the scavenger of NO (PTIO) and that of H2O2 (DMTU), inhibitor of NR (sodium tungstate), and antagonists of calcium (EGTA or neomycin)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that NO produced with the help of NR takes part in signal transduction from exogenous CO.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- NRe0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- signal transduction from the exogenous COe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“NO, produced with the help of NR, participates in the signal transduction from the exogenous CO”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a rise in NO stimulates ROS formation, which also mediates the stress-protective effects of carbon monoxide.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- formation of ROSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“Rise in the NO level stimulates the formation of ROS, which also mediates the accomplishment of the stress-protective effects of carbon monoxide”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the CO-induced increase in NO generation by root cells and the heat acclimation depend on calcium homeostasis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- root cellse0
- Outcome
- CO-induced increase in the NO generation by the root cells and the heat acclimatione0
- Qualifier
- calcium homeostasise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e0“The CO-induced increase in the NO generation by the root cells and the heat acclimation also depend on the calcium homeostasis”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →sodium tungstate · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- negative
donor · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →nitric oxide · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →hydrogen peroxide · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →hemin · physiology: enzyme activity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
aminoguanidine · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.