Abstract
Agronomic biofortification with zinc (Zn) may be engaged to improve the nutritious value of food crops along-with tolerance to water deficit conditions. The Zn may increase plant resistance to water stress by boosting physiological and enzymatic antioxidants defense mechanisms. Major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar applied Zn on grain zin biofortification and drought tolerance in wheat. Treatments include application of Zinc at terminal growth phases (BBCH growth stage 49 and BBCH growth stage 65) with five levels: 0 (control-ck), water spray, 5, 10 and 15 mM under two levels of water regimes; well-watered (where 80% water holding capacity (WHC) was maintained in the soil) and water stress, (where 40% WHC was maintained in the soil). Results revealed that water stress significantly reduced relative water contents, gas exchange attributes, plant height, yield and yield related attributes of wheat. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide, free proline levels, activities of malondialdehyde, and concentration of soluble protein were markedly increased under water stress condition. Application of various levels of Zn significantly improved the CAT, SOD, POD and ASP activities at 40% WHC compared with control treatment. Foliarly applied 10 and 15 mM Zn predominantly reduced the damaging impact of water stress by improving the plant status in the form of plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributes. Likewise, wheat plant treated with 10 mM Zn under water stress condition increased the grain yield by improving number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and biological yield compared with control. Moreover, increasing Zn levels also increased Zn concentration in grains and leaves. Overall, this study suggests that optimum level of Zn (10 mM) might be promising for alleviating the adverse impacts of water stress and enhance the grain biofortification in wheat.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly reduced wheat relative water content and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contents, gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- well-wateredt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress significantly reduced relative water contents, gas exchange attributes, plant height, yield and yield related attributes of wheat.”
t0“well-watered”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly reduced wheat plant height, yield, and yield-related attributes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- plant height, yield and yield related attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- well-wateredt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress significantly reduced relative water contents, gas exchange attributes, plant height, yield and yield related attributes of wheat.”
t0“well-watered”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress markedly increased wheat hydrogen peroxide and free proline levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water stress conditione0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide, free proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well-wateredt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide, free proline levels, activities of malondialdehyde, and concentration of soluble protein were markedly increased under water stress condition.”
t0“wheat”
t1“well-watered”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress markedly increased wheat malondialdehyde activity and soluble protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water stress conditione0
- Outcome
- activities of malondialdehyde, and concentration of soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- well-wateredt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide, free proline levels, activities of malondialdehyde, and concentration of soluble protein were markedly increased under water stress condition.”
t0“wheat”
t1“well-watered”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc levels significantly improved CAT, SOD, and POD activities at 40% WHC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- various levels of Zne0
- Outcome
- CAT, SOD, PODe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- 40% WHCe0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of various levels of Zn significantly improved the CAT, SOD, POD and ASP activities at 40% WHC compared with control treatment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc levels significantly improved ASP activity at 40% WHC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- various levels of Zne0
- Outcome
- ASP activitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- 40% WHCe0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of various levels of Zn significantly improved the CAT, SOD, POD and ASP activities at 40% WHC compared with control treatment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10 mM zinc improved wheat plant height, relative water content, and gas exchange under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10e0
- Outcome
- plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliarly applied 10 and 15 mM Zn predominantly reduced the damaging impact of water stress by improving the plant status in the form of plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributes.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 15 mM zinc improved wheat plant height, relative water content, and gas exchange under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 15 mM Zne0
- Outcome
- plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliarly applied 10 and 15 mM Zn predominantly reduced the damaging impact of water stress by improving the plant status in the form of plant height, RWC and gas exchange attributes.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10 mM zinc increased wheat grain yield under water stress compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 10 mM Zne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- water stress conditione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat plant treated with 10 mM Zn under water stress condition increased the grain yield by improving number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and biological yield compared with control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10 mM zinc improved wheat grains per spike, 100 grain weight, and biological yield under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 10 mM Zne0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and biological yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat plant treated with 10 mM Zn under water stress condition increased the grain yield by improving number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and biological yield compared with control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc levels increased wheat grain zinc concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- increasing Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Zn levels also increased Zn concentration in grains and leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc levels increased wheat leaf zinc concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- increasing Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in grains and leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Zn levels also increased Zn concentration in grains and leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 10 mM zinc to alleviate water-stress impacts and enhance grain biofortification.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zn (10 mM)e0
- Outcome
- alleviating the adverse impacts of water stress and enhance the grain biofortificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum level of Zn (10 mM) might be promising for alleviating the adverse impacts of water stress and enhance the grain biofortification in wheat.”
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