Abstract
The role of exogenous individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) (control, 6 mm Si, 1 mm SA, and 6 mm Si + 1 mm SA) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Shiraz (drought-sensitive) and Sirvan (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA. Synergistic effects of Si + SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately. Water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and SA application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced biological yield, yield and yield components in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- biological yield, yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced relative water content and leaf water potential in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content and leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and SA improved yield parameters under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and SA improved physiological water status parameters under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water-limited conditionse0
- Outcome
- activities of key antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation raised MDA and H2O2 levels.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water-limited conditionse0
- Outcome
- levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation enhanced soluble sugars, potassium and magnesium accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water-limited conditionse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesiume0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation enhanced calcium accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water-limited conditionse0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and SA increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolytes in drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and SA reduced H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- levels of H2O2 and MDAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si effects were greatest with SA.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- positive effects of Sie0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- with SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and SA had synergistic effects on yield relative to either separately.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si + SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Synergistice0
- Comparator
- Si or SA applied separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects of Si + SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and SA had synergistic effects on physiological parameters relative to either separately.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si + SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- Synergistice0
- Comparator
- Si or SA applied separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects of Si + SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed water-stress alleviation and yield improvement partly to osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity and water status.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Water-stress alleviation and yield improvemente0
- Qualifier
- improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water status under stress conditions.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 206 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.