Abstract
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) along with drought stress causes severe decline in wheat production around the world. The current study was designed to unravel the role of Zn in modulation of Cd phytotoxicity and phytoremediation in wheat under drought stress. Wheat plants were exposed to Cd (0, 20 mg kg−1) and Zn (0, 10 mg kg−1) under moist (70% of water-holding capacity and drought stress (35% of water-holding capacity) conditions. A significant reduction was observed in plant growth (44%), chlorophyll contents (47%), and stomatal conductance (46%) in plants under the dual stress of Cd and drought. The level of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation) enhanced under combined Cd and drought stress, resulting in membrane damage. The supplementation of Zn partially alleviated negative effects of Cd and drought on plants. Under the combined treatment of Cd and drought, Zn addition caused a 27%, 24%, and 27% increase in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance, respectively. Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd and lowered the oxidative damage by enhancing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase by 16%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. Hence, the exogenous application of Zn proved to be a promising strategy for mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cd and enhancing its phytostabilization under water limited conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and drought reduced wheat growth by 44%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- dual stress of Cd and droughte0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction was observed in plant growth (44%), chlorophyll contents (47%), and stomatal conductance (46%) in plants under the dual stress of Cd and drought”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and drought reduced chlorophyll contents by 47%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dual stress of Cd and droughte0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction was observed in plant growth (44%), chlorophyll contents (47%), and stomatal conductance (46%) in plants under the dual stress of Cd and drought”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and drought reduced stomatal conductance by 46%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dual stress of Cd and droughte0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction was observed in plant growth (44%), chlorophyll contents (47%), and stomatal conductance (46%) in plants under the dual stress of Cd and drought”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and drought increased hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined Cd and drought stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation) enhanced under combined Cd and drought stress”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and drought resulted in membrane damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined Cd and drought stresse0
- Outcome
- membrane damagee0
- Qualifier
- oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation) enhanced under combined Cd and drought stress, resulting in membrane damage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc under combined stress increased wheat growth by 27%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- combined treatment of Cd and droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the combined treatment of Cd and drought, Zn addition caused a 27%, 24%, and 27% increase in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc under combined stress increased chlorophyll contents by 24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- combined treatment of Cd and droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the combined treatment of Cd and drought, Zn addition caused a 27%, 24%, and 27% increase in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc under combined stress increased stomatal conductance by 27%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn additione0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- combined treatment of Cd and droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the combined treatment of Cd and drought, Zn addition caused a 27%, 24%, and 27% increase in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc limited root-to-shoot cadmium transfer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- root to shoot transfer of Cde0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc lowered oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd and lowered the oxidative damage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased catalase activity by 16%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione1
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of catalasee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase by 16%, 18%, and 17%, respectively”
e1“Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased superoxide dismutase activity by 18%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase by 16%, 18%, and 17%, respectively”
e1“Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased peroxidase activity by 17%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione1
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase by 16%, 18%, and 17%, respectively”
e1“Zinc application limited root to shoot transfer of Cd”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend exogenous zinc to mitigate cadmium phytotoxicity and improve phytostabilization under limited water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of Zne0
- Outcome
- promising strategy for mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cd and enhancing its phytostabilizatione0
- Qualifier
- under water limited conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exogenous application of Zn proved to be a promising strategy for mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cd and enhancing its phytostabilization under water limited conditions”
t0“wheat”
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See all 200 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.