Abstract
Ozone is a destructive pollutant, damaging crops, and decreasing crop yield. Therefore, there is great interest in finding strategies to alleviate ozone-induced crop losses. In plants, ozone enters leaves through the stomata and is immediately degraded into reactive oxygen species (ROS), producing ROS stress in plants. ROS stress can be controlled by ROS-scavenging systems that include enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanisms. Our research group has developed a product from rice bran, a by-product of rice milling which has bioactive molecules that act as an antioxidant compound. This product is a water-soluble rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE) which preserves all the properties and improves the solubility of proteins and the antioxidant components of rice bran. In previous works, the beneficial properties of RBEE have been demonstrated in animals. However, to date, RBEE has not been used as a protective agent against oxidative damage in agricultural fields. The main goal of this study was to investigate the ability of RBEE to be used as a biostimulant by preventing oxidative damage in plants, after ozone exposure. To perform this investigation, pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum ) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE. RBEE protected the ozone-induced damage, as revealed by net photosynthetic rate and the content of photosynthetic pigments. RBEE also decreased the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) due to ozone exposure. ROS generation is a common consequence of diverse cellular traumas that also activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Thus, it is known that the ozone damages are triggered by the MAPK cascade. To examine the involvement of the MAPK cascade in the ozone damage CaMPK6-1 , CaMPK6-2 , and CaMKK5 genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed the involvement of the MAPK pathway in both, not only in ozone damage but especially in its protection by RBEE. Taken together, these results support that RBEE protects plants against ozone exposure and its use as a new biostimulant could be proposed.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
RBEE protected pepper plants against ozone-induced damage, as shown by net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuume2 - Treatment
- RBEEe2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate and the content of photosynthetic pigmentse1
- Direction
- protectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“RBEE protected the ozone-induced damage, as revealed by net photosynthetic rate and the content of photosynthetic pigments”
e2“pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum ) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE”
Claim · model-written summary
RBEE decreased the ozone-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume2
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- RBEEe3
- Gene
- catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidasee3
- Outcome
- induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in leavese3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“RBEE also decreased the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) due to ozone exposure”
e2“pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum ) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE”
Claim · model-written summary
The MAPK pathway is involved in ozone damage and especially in its protection by RBEE, with CaMKK5 analysed as a gene-level marker.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- RBEEe4
- Gene
- CaMKK5e5
- Outcome
- involvement of the MAPK pathwaye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The results showed the involvement of the MAPK pathway in both, not only in ozone damage but especially in its protection by RBEE”
e5“CaMKK5 genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR”
e2“pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum ) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose RBEE as a new biostimulant to protect plants against ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume2
- Outcome
- protects plants against ozone exposuree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Taken together, these results support that RBEE protects plants against ozone exposure and its use as a new biostimulant could be proposed”
e2“pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum ) exposed to ozone were treated with RBEE”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · physiology: photosynthesis · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
botanical · molecular: expression · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.