Paper · 2013 · The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences

OPTIMIZING NITROGEN INPUT AND HARVEST TIME TO MAXIMIZE THE MAIZE FODDER YIELD IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Aamer Maqsood; Muhammad Shehzad

16
claims
33
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

(33.44%), dry matter yield (17.68 t ha -1 ) and green fodder yield (71.32 t ha -1 ) were significantly increased with nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 . Among nitrogen input rates, 150 kg N ha -1 level was also responsible for highest crude fat (3.09%), crude protein (11.48%) and crude fiber (34.21%) except ash contents (10.17%) compared to other nitrogen treatments. Twenty days delayed for harvest proved to be best for increasing growth and quality characters of maize plants. The interaction between nitrogen rates and harvest dates was found to be highly significant except for plant height, dry matter percentage and crude protein. Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%) while crude fat (2.47%) and ash (9.17%) contents were decreased. In conclusion, on the basis of growth and quality parameters, the nitrogen application at 150 kg N ha -1 and harvesting time (70 DAS) was the suitable option to attain highest

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen at 150 kg N ha -1 significantly increased dry matter yield to 17.68 t ha -1.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
dry matter yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
17.68 t ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“dry matter yield (17.68 t ha -1 ) and green fodder yield (71.32 t ha -1 ) were significantly increased with nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 10–150 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen at 150 kg N ha -1 significantly increased green fodder yield to 71.32 t ha -1.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
green fodder yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
71.32 t ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“dry matter yield (17.68 t ha -1 ) and green fodder yield (71.32 t ha -1 ) were significantly increased with nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 10–150 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg N ha -1 crude fat was highest at 3.09%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
150 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
crude fate0
Direction
higheste0
Value
3.09%e0
Comparator
other nitrogen treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“150 kg N ha -1 level was also responsible for highest crude fat (3.09%), crude protein (11.48%) and crude fiber (34.21%) except ash contents (10.17%) compared to other nitrogen treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 181–368 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg N ha -1 crude protein was highest at 11.48%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
150 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
crude proteine0
Direction
higheste0
Value
11.48%e0
Comparator
other nitrogen treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“150 kg N ha -1 level was also responsible for highest crude fat (3.09%), crude protein (11.48%) and crude fiber (34.21%) except ash contents (10.17%) compared to other nitrogen treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 181–368 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg N ha -1 crude fiber was highest at 34.21%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
150 kg N ha -1e0
Outcome
crude fibere0
Direction
higheste0
Value
34.21%e0
Comparator
other nitrogen treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“150 kg N ha -1 level was also responsible for highest crude fat (3.09%), crude protein (11.48%) and crude fiber (34.21%) except ash contents (10.17%) compared to other nitrogen treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 181–368 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 150 kg N ha -1 ash content was 10.17% but was an exception to the highest quality values.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Outcome
ash contentse0
Value
10.17%e0
Comparator
other nitrogen treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“except ash contents (10.17%) compared to other nitrogen treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–368 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 20 day harvest delay best increased maize growth and quality traits.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Twenty days delayed for harveste0
Outcome
growth and quality characterse0
Direction
increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Twenty days delayed for harvest proved to be best for increasing growth and quality characters of maize plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 370–480 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen rate and harvest date interacted significantly for most traits, except plant height, dry matter percentage and crude protein.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
nitrogen ratese0
Outcome
interaction between nitrogen rates and harvest datese0
Qualifier
except for plant height, dry matter percentage and crude proteine0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“The interaction between nitrogen rates and harvest dates was found to be highly significant except for plant height, dry matter percentage and crude protein”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 482–638 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment improved stem diameter to 5.11 cm.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
stem diametere0
Direction
improvede0
Value
5.11 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–888 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment improved leaf area to 4108 cm 2.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
leaf area plant -1e0
Direction
improvede0
Value
4108 cm 2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–888 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment improved dry matter yield to 21.35 t ha -1.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
dry matter yielde0
Direction
improvede0
Value
21.35 t ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–888 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment improved green fodder yield to 83.87 t ha -1.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
green fodder yielde0
Direction
improvede0
Value
83.87 t ha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–888 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment improved crude fiber to 37.21%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
crude fibere0
Direction
improvede0
Value
37.21%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3) significantly improved the stem diameter (5.11 cm), leaf area plant -1 (4108 cm 2 ), dry matter yield (21.35 t ha -1 ), green fodder yield (83.87 t ha -1 ) and crude fiber (37.21%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–888 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment decreased crude fat to 2.47%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
crude fate1
Direction
decreasede1
Value
2.47%e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–707 · show in text ↑
e1

“while crude fat (2.47%) and ash (9.17%) contents were decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–952 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment decreased ash to 9.17%.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Treatment
Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest datee0
Outcome
ashe1
Direction
decreasede1
Value
9.17%e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“Nitrogen input of 150 kg N ha -1 with 70 DAS harvest date (N3 × H3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 640–707 · show in text ↑
e1

“while crude fat (2.47%) and ash (9.17%) contents were decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–952 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 150 kg N ha -1 and harvest at 70 DAS to maximize fodder growth and quality.

Taxon
MAIZEZea mayst0
Outcome
nitrogen application at 150 kg N ha -1 and harvesting time (70 DAS)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“MAIZE”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–64 · show in text ↑
e0

“on the basis of growth and quality parameters, the nitrogen application at 150 kg N ha -1 and harvesting time (70 DAS) was the suitable option to attain highest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 969–1129 · show in text ↑

harvest time · quality: grain · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 3 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

harvest time · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 2 positive, 4 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

2 papers more in this group

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harvest time · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 10 positive, 3 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

9 papers more in this group

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nitrogen · quality: grain · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

72 papers: 59 positive, 13 negative or no effect

58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

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nitrogen · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

181 papers: 164 positive, 17 negative or no effect

163 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

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nitrogen · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

748 papers: 619 positive, 129 negative or no effect

618 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 14 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
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nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2,185 papers: 1,906 positive, 279 negative or no effect

1,905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 234 in the opposite direction · 45 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

2,181 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.