Abstract
The current investigation was planned and designed for optimizing the concentration of plant growth regulators to generate an efficient in vitro callogenesis and plantlet regeneration in four local cultivars of Indica rice. Effects of six different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), kinetin and carbon source, amino acids, and solidifying agents on callus induction were observed using mature seeds as starting material. Two different concentrations of NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) + kinetin and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) were used for shoot regeneration and root induction, respectively. The highest frequency (100%) of callus was recorded on the medium containing 2mg/l 2,4-D which was followed by 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 10 mg/l kinetin (95.51%) at the dark condition in cultivar Sadamota. Moreover, MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, L-proline and sucrose (as carbon source) increased the callus induction frequency. The highest percentages of callus induction were found when both the gelrite and agar were used as solidifying agents. The maximum shoot regeneration (66.44%) and shoot number (4.49) were obtained at 0.50 mg/l NAA + 10 mg/l kinetin in the cultivar, Sadamota. Moreover, the highest root induction and root number were recorded at 0.50 mg/l IBA in Sadamota. Overall, the highest optimum callus induction, shoot regeneration and root formation were obtained at 2 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.50 NAA + 10 mg/l kinetin and 0.50 mg/l IBA, respectively. Sadamota exhibited the best plantlet regeneration followed by Kachamota whereas the lowest was displayed by Dudkalam. This regenerated protocol could be utilized for gene transfer in rice for the development of stress-tolerant and high yielding lines in future.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
2 mg/l 2,4-D gave the highest callus frequency, 100%.
- Taxon
- indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupt0 - Treatment
- 2mg/l 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- calluse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e0“The highest frequency (100%) of callus was recorded on the medium containing 2mg/l 2,4-D which was followed by 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 10 mg/l kinetin (95.51%) at the dark condition in cultivar Sadamota”
Claim · model-written summary
3 mg/l 2,4-D with 10 mg/l kinetin gave 95.51% callus frequency in cultivar Sadamota, ranked after 2 mg/l 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Sadamotae0
- Treatment
- 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 10 mg/l kinetine0
- Outcome
- calluse0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 95.51%e0
- Comparator
- 2mg/l 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e0“The highest frequency (100%) of callus was recorded on the medium containing 2mg/l 2,4-D which was followed by 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 10 mg/l kinetin (95.51%) at the dark condition in cultivar Sadamota”
Claim · model-written summary
MS medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, L-proline and sucrose increased callus induction frequency.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Treatment
- MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, L-proline and sucrosee1
- Outcome
- callus induction frequencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e1“MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, L-proline and sucrose (as carbon source) increased the callus induction frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
Gelrite and agar as solidifying agents gave the highest percentages of callus induction.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Treatment
- gelrite and agare2
- Outcome
- percentages of callus inductione2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e2“The highest percentages of callus induction were found when both the gelrite and agar were used as solidifying agents”
Claim · model-written summary
0.50 mg/l NAA with 10 mg/l kinetin in cultivar Sadamota gave the maximum shoot regeneration, 66.44%.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Sadamotae3
- Treatment
- 0.50 mg/l NAA + 10 mg/l kinetine3
- Outcome
- shoot regeneratione3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 66.44%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e3“The maximum shoot regeneration (66.44%) and shoot number (4.49) were obtained at 0.50 mg/l NAA + 10 mg/l kinetin in the cultivar, Sadamota”
Claim · model-written summary
0.50 mg/l NAA with 10 mg/l kinetin in cultivar Sadamota gave the maximum shoot number, 4.49.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Sadamotae3
- Treatment
- 0.50 mg/l NAA + 10 mg/l kinetine3
- Outcome
- shoot numbere3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 4.49e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e3“The maximum shoot regeneration (66.44%) and shoot number (4.49) were obtained at 0.50 mg/l NAA + 10 mg/l kinetin in the cultivar, Sadamota”
Claim · model-written summary
0.50 mg/l IBA in cultivar Sadamota gave the highest root induction and root number.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Sadamotae4
- Treatment
- 0.50 mg/l IBAe4
- Outcome
- root induction and root numbere4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e4“the highest root induction and root number were recorded at 0.50 mg/l IBA in Sadamota”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Sadamota showed the best plantlet regeneration, followed by Kachamota.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Sadamotae5
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneratione5
- Direction
- beste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e5“Sadamota exhibited the best plantlet regeneration followed by Kachamota whereas the lowest was displayed by Dudkalam”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Dudkalam showed the lowest plantlet regeneration.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupt0
- Material
- Dudkalame5
- Outcome
- plantlet regeneratione5
- Direction
- loweste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivars of indica rice”
e5“Sadamota exhibited the best plantlet regeneration followed by Kachamota whereas the lowest was displayed by Dudkalam”
Claim · model-written summary
The regeneration protocol could be used for gene transfer in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae6 - Outcome
- gene transfere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This regenerated protocol could be utilized for gene transfer in rice for the development of stress-tolerant and high yielding lines in future.”
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