Abstract
Rapid increase in the accumulation of Cd in plants interrupt with metabolism thus inhibiting the growth and development. Hence, finding a remedy for Cd detoxification and improvement of plant's tolerability to metal toxicity is crucial. In this report, we investigate the differential responses to putrescine (PU), ethanol (ET) and acetic acid (AA) on Cd toxicity in conditions of metal aggregation and stress permissiveness in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Brassica juncea seedlings (12 day-old) were dealt with Cd (0.5 mM CdCl2) alone and in combinations of PU (0.5 mM), 0.3% and 0.6% of ET and AA (250 µM) in hydroponic culture for three days. The enhancement in Cd concentration in the plant system induced reduction in growth, biomass and chlorophyll content due to heightened oxidative damage (raised malondialdehyde, MDA content; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 level) and gradual decrease in antioxidant defense. Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage; increases ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione-S-transferase, GST; catalase, CAT; guaciol peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; polyphenol peroxidase, PPO; ascorbate peroxidase, APx; monodehydroascorbate reducatase, MDHAR and dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR. Results indicated that PU, ET and AA plays a vital role in mustard seedlings by mitigating Cd toxicity and increasing the stress tolerance, through upregulating the antioxidant defense systems. Amelioration of heavy metal stress by ET and AA is being reported for the first time in this report. Although PU has been found to be the best among the three the ameliorating capacity of PU and AA are almost similar.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure reduced growth, biomass and chlorophyll content in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- growth, biomass and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“The enhancement in Cd concentration in the plant system induced reduction in growth, biomass and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure increased malondialdehyde content and hydrogen peroxide level.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, MDA content; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 levele0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“heightened oxidative damage (raised malondialdehyde, MDA content; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 level)”
e1“The enhancement in Cd concentration in the plant system induced reduction in growth, biomass and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure gradually decreased antioxidant defense.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- antioxidant defensee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“gradual decrease in antioxidant defense”
e1“The enhancement in Cd concentration in the plant system induced reduction in growth, biomass and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine with cadmium enhanced plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PUe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol with cadmium enhanced plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- ETe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid with cadmium enhanced plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- AAe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine with cadmium repressed oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PUe0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- repressese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol with cadmium repressed oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- ETe0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- repressese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid with cadmium repressed oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- AAe0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- repressese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine with cadmium increased ascorbate-glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PUe0
- Outcome
- ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage; increases ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol with cadmium increased ascorbate-glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- ETe0
- Outcome
- ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage; increases ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid with cadmium increased ascorbate-glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- AAe0
- Outcome
- ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- Cd treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Cd treatment along with application of PU, ET and AA enhances growth of the plants as quantitated by biomass; represses oxidative damage; increases ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine was considered best among the three ameliorants, while its ameliorating capacity was almost similar to acetic acid.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- PUe0
- Outcome
- ameliorating capacitye0
- Comparator
- AAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Indian mustard”
e0“Although PU has been found to be the best among the three the ameliorating capacity of PU and AA are almost similar”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →cadmium atom · disease · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
putrescine · growth · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
putrescine · physiology: oxidative · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.