Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a small molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of biological processes and abiotic stress resistance. Previous studies have confirmed that MT promotes the normal development of plants under stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous MT regulating seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under salt stress is still unclear. In this study, NaCl stress decreased germination rate and inhibited seedling growth of wheat, but shoot length, root length, and plant weight of SM15 did not change significantly. The addition of 300 μM MT in the cultivation solution directly promoted the germination rate of SM15 and ZM18, and lateral root production, but decreased the germination rate of JM22 and inhibited the length of germ and radicle of three varieties under salt stress. For wheat seedling, application of MT could increase proline content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, Ca 2+ content, and vital amino acid content in leaves to keep high water content, low level of H 2 O 2 content, and low [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio. MT increased root vigor and [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio and decreased H 2 O 2 content in root induced by salt stress. In conclusion, MT enhanced salt tolerance in wheat seeds and seedlings by regulating the synthesis of soluble protein and sugar, ion compartmentation in roots and leaves, enhancement of enzymatic systems, and changes in amino acid levels. Salt resistance varied with different varieties under the same environmental condition. SM15 was a higher salt-resistant variety and JM22 was a salt-sensitive one. In wheat production, the application of exogenous MT should consider the differences among varieties of wheat during the sowing and seedling stages.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased wheat germination rate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress decreased germination rate and inhibited seedling growth of wheat, but shoot length, root length, and plant weight of SM15 did not change significantly”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress inhibited wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress decreased germination rate and inhibited seedling growth of wheat, but shoot length, root length, and plant weight of SM15 did not change significantly”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
SM15 shoot length, root length and plant weight did not significantly change under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- SM15e0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length, and plant weighte0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress decreased germination rate and inhibited seedling growth of wheat, but shoot length, root length, and plant weight of SM15 did not change significantly”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased SM15 germination under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SM15e0
- Treatment
- 300 μM MTe0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 300 μM MT in the cultivation solution directly promoted the germination rate of SM15 and ZM18”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased ZM18 germination under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ZM18e0
- Treatment
- 300 μM MTe0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 300 μM MT in the cultivation solution directly promoted the germination rate of SM15 and ZM18”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin promoted lateral root production.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 300 μM MTe0
- Outcome
- lateral root productione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 300 μM MT in the cultivation solution directly promoted the germination rate of SM15 and ZM18, and lateral root production”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased JM22 germination under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the germination rate of JM22”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin inhibited germ and radicle length of three varieties under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- length of germ and radiclee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- three varieties under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited the length of germ and radicle of three varieties under salt stress”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased leaf proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar content in seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- proline content, soluble protein, soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MT could increase proline content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, Ca 2+ content, and vital amino acid content in leaves”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased leaf calcium and vital amino acid content.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ content, and vital amino acid contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of MT could increase proline content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, Ca 2+ content, and vital amino acid content in leaves”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin maintained high leaf water content.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to keep high water content, low level of H 2 O 2 content, and low [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin maintained low leaf hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 contente0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to keep high water content, low level of H 2 O 2 content, and low [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin maintained a low leaf potassium to sodium ratio.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- [K + ]/[Na + ] ratioe0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to keep high water content, low level of H 2 O 2 content, and low [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased seedling root vigor and potassium to sodium ratio.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- root vigor and [K + ]/[Na + ] ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT increased root vigor and [K + ]/[Na + ] ratio”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased root hydrogen peroxide induced by salt stress.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Melatonint1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 content in roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased H 2 O 2 content in root induced by salt stress”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
SM15 was relatively salt resistant.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SM15e0
- Outcome
- higher salt-resistant varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SM15 was a higher salt-resistant variety”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
JM22 was salt sensitive.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Outcome
- salt-sensitive onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JM22 was a salt-sensitive one”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Exogenous Melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat production use of exogenous melatonin should account for variety differences at sowing and seedling stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- application of exogenous MT should consider the differences among varieties of wheat during the sowing and seedling stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of exogenous MT should consider the differences among varieties of wheat during the sowing and seedling stages”
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