Abstract
The paper reveals the results of research on the impact of tillage and fertilizer systems using by-products on moisture reserves in the soil and crop yields in a four-course short-term crop rotation (winter rape – winter wheat – corn for grain – spring barley) on dark gray podzolized soil on the stationary experimental plot of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia NAAS of Ukraine in 2016–2020. Three variants of tillage systems were studied: 1) 20– 22 cm depth moldboard ploughing – control; 2) 10–12 cm depth shallow ploughing; 3) 6–8 cm depth surface ploughing. The system of fertilization involved application of mineral fertilizers N128P90K120 kg/ha of crop rotation area, including the following options for straw: 1) without straw; 2) straw + destructor + N10 kg (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of precrop straw; 3) straw + N10 (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of pre-crop straw. It has been found out that the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm. Under the system of fertilization which provided for the application of straw + N10 and straw + destructor + N10 kg, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were 3.6 and 9.0 mm in the germination period and 10.2 and 14.4 mm in the harvesting period bigger than in the experiment without using straw. The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape. Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha. Fertilizer systems based on the use of straw and straw + destructor provided an increase in grain yield respectively: winter wheat by 0.45–0.36 t/ha; corn by 0.60–0.46 t/ha; spring barley by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared to the option without straw. Key words: productive moisture, crop, straw, tillage, crop rotation, yield.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased corn productive moisture reserves in the germination period (177.8 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 177.8e1
- Qualifier
- germinatione1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased spring barley productive moisture reserves in the germination period (147.1 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 147.1e1
- Qualifier
- germinatione1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased winter wheat productive moisture reserves in the germination period (99.4 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 99.4e1
- Qualifier
- germinatione1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased corn productive moisture reserves in the harvesting period (74.7 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 74.7e1
- Qualifier
- harvestinge1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased spring barley productive moisture reserves in the harvesting period (65.9 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 65.9e1
- Qualifier
- harvestinge1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-moldboard tillage increased winter wheat productive moisture reserves in the harvesting period (85.4 mm) relative to moldboard ploughing.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- non-moldboard cultivation systemse1
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 85.4e1
- Qualifier
- harvestinge1
- Comparator
- moldboard ploughing systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil on average over the years of research”
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat) in non-moldboard cultivation systems increased by 177.8, 147.1, 99.4 and 74.7, 65.9, 85.4 mm respectively compared with the moldboard ploughing system where moisture reserves were 150.8, 132.8, 73.5 and 55.5, 48.6, 52.6 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw with N10 kg raised productive moisture reserves by 3.6 mm in the germination period relative to no straw.
- Taxon
- corn, spring barley, winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- straw + N10e2
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere2
- Direction
- biggere2
- Value
- 3.6e2
- Qualifier
- 10.2e2
- Comparator
- without using strawe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat)”
e2“Under the system of fertilization which provided for the application of straw + N10 and straw + destructor + N10 kg, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were 3.6 and 9.0 mm in the germination period and 10.2 and 14.4 mm in the harvesting period bigger than in the experiment without using straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw with destructor and N10 kg raised productive moisture reserves by 9.0 mm in the germination period relative to no straw.
- Taxon
- corn, spring barley, winter wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- straw + destructor + N10e2
- Outcome
- reserves of productive moisture in the meter layere2
- Direction
- biggere2
- Value
- 9.0e2
- Qualifier
- 14.4e2
- Comparator
- without using strawe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“within the period of germination and harvesting (corn, spring barley, winter wheat)”
e2“Under the system of fertilization which provided for the application of straw + N10 and straw + destructor + N10 kg, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer were 3.6 and 9.0 mm in the germination period and 10.2 and 14.4 mm in the harvesting period bigger than in the experiment without using straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard ploughing at 20–22 cm gave the highest winter wheat yield, 6.91 t/ha, compared with surface tillage at 6–8 cm.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- 20–22 cm moldboard ploughinge3
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 6.91e3
- Qualifier
- 6.50e3
- Comparator
- 6–8 cm surface tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard ploughing at 20–22 cm gave higher spring barley yield, 5.37 t/ha, compared with surface tillage at 6–8 cm.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree3
- Treatment
- 20–22 cm moldboard ploughinge3
- Outcome
- crop yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 5.37e3
- Qualifier
- 5.13e3
- Comparator
- 6–8 cm surface tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard ploughing at 20–22 cm gave higher corn yield, 11.47 t/ha, compared with surface tillage at 6–8 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- 20–22 cm moldboard ploughinge3
- Outcome
- crop yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 11.47e3
- Qualifier
- 11.74e3
- Comparator
- 6–8 cm surface tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard ploughing at 20–22 cm gave higher winter rape yield, 3.08 t/ha, compared with surface tillage at 6–8 cm.
- Taxon
- winter rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse3 - Treatment
- 20–22 cm moldboard ploughinge3
- Outcome
- crop yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 3.08e3
- Qualifier
- 3.19e3
- Comparator
- 6–8 cm surface tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“The 20–22 cm moldboard ploughing and the 10–12 cm shallow ploughing tillage systems provided higher crop yields compared to the 6–8 cm surface tillage system, which made it possible to obtain 6.91 and 6.50 of winter wheat yields, respectively, 5.37 and 5.13 of spring barley, 11.47 and 11.74 of corn and 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha of winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface tillage at 6–8 cm decreased winter wheat yield by 1.45 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cme4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 1.45e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface tillage at 6–8 cm decreased spring barley yield by 1.69 t/ha.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cme4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 1.69e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface tillage at 6–8 cm decreased corn yield by 3.66 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cme4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 3.66e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface tillage at 6–8 cm decreased winter rape yield by 0.31 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napuse4
- Treatment
- surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cme4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 0.31e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Resulting from the application of surface tillage system by depth of 6–8 cm, the yield of winter wheat decreased by 1.45, that of spring barley by 1.69, corn by 3.66 and winter rape by 0.31 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-based fertilizer systems increased winter wheat grain yield by 0.45–0.36 t/ha compared with no straw.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- use of straw and straw + destructore5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 0.45–0.36 t/hae5
- Comparator
- option without strawe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fertilizer systems based on the use of straw and straw + destructor provided an increase in grain yield respectively: winter wheat by 0.45–0.36 t/ha; corn by 0.60–0.46 t/ha; spring barley by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared to the option without straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-based fertilizer systems increased corn grain yield by 0.60–0.46 t/ha compared with no straw.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse5
- Treatment
- use of straw and straw + destructore5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 0.60–0.46 t/hae5
- Comparator
- option without strawe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fertilizer systems based on the use of straw and straw + destructor provided an increase in grain yield respectively: winter wheat by 0.45–0.36 t/ha; corn by 0.60–0.46 t/ha; spring barley by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared to the option without straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw-based fertilizer systems increased spring barley grain yield by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared with no straw.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree5
- Treatment
- use of straw and straw + destructore5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 0.32–0.22 t/hae5
- Comparator
- option without strawe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fertilizer systems based on the use of straw and straw + destructor provided an increase in grain yield respectively: winter wheat by 0.45–0.36 t/ha; corn by 0.60–0.46 t/ha; spring barley by 0.32–0.22 t/ha compared to the option without straw”
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