Abstract
Effective biosafe management strategies are used to decrease world crop damage produced by plant-parasitic nematodes. This study evaluated the efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) and mycorrhizal fungi to control the Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants. Application of n-HAP significantly increased the juveniles’ mortality (195.67%) and egg hatching inhibition percentage (80.71%) compared to the untreated control, in vitro. Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased the plant growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight, and leaf area) and reduced the negative consequence of nematode infection. This may be due to indirect mechanisms through increasing plant nutrient uptake efficiency and increasing the internal plant resistance against nematode infection. In dual-treated plants, phosphorus, nitrogen, and calcium content recorded the highest value in the nematode-infected plants. Whereas the dual inoculation significantly increased mineral contents in tomato plants compared with control, this may induce the strength of the cell wall of the epidermal layer and cortex and consequently increase the plant resistance against nematode infection. Our results revealed that the application of the plant resistance-stimulants enhanced the plant growth parameters and internal nutrient content and reduced the nematode’s criteria. Consequently, the internal plant resistance against nematode infection was induced.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
n-HAP increased juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita by 195.67% relative to untreated control in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- n-HAPe1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- juveniles’ mortalitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 195.67%e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Application of n-HAP significantly increased the juveniles’ mortality (195.67%) and egg hatching inhibition percentage (80.71%) compared to the untreated control, in vitro”
e0“This study evaluated the efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) and mycorrhizal fungi to control the Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
n-HAP increased egg hatching inhibition of Meloidogyne incognita by 80.71% relative to untreated control in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- n-HAPe1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- egg hatching inhibition percentagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 80.71%e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of n-HAP significantly increased the juveniles’ mortality (195.67%) and egg hatching inhibition percentage (80.71%) compared to the untreated control, in vitro”
e0“This study evaluated the efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) and mycorrhizal fungi to control the Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased root and shoot length and dry weight of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatmentse2
- Outcome
- root and shoot length, dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased the plant growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight, and leaf area) and reduced the negative consequence of nematode infection”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased leaf area of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatmentse2
- Outcome
- leaf areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased the plant growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight, and leaf area) and reduced the negative consequence of nematode infection”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments reduced the negative consequence of Meloidogyne incognita infection in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatmentse2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- negative consequence of nematode infectione2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased the plant growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight, and leaf area) and reduced the negative consequence of nematode infection”
e0“This study evaluated the efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) and mycorrhizal fungi to control the Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
In dual-treated plants, phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium content was highest in nematode-infected tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dual-treated plantse3
- Outcome
- phosphorus, nitrogen, and calcium contente3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In dual-treated plants, phosphorus, nitrogen, and calcium content recorded the highest value in the nematode-infected plants”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation significantly increased mineral contents in tomato plants compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione4
- Outcome
- mineral contentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Whereas the dual inoculation significantly increased mineral contents in tomato plants compared with control, this may induce the strength of the cell wall of the epidermal layer and cortex and consequently increase the plant resistance against nematode infection”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation may strengthen the cell wall of the epidermal layer and cortex, which may increase plant resistance against nematode infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal layer and cortexe4
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione4
- Outcome
- plant resistance against nematode infectione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Whereas the dual inoculation significantly increased mineral contents in tomato plants compared with control, this may induce the strength of the cell wall of the epidermal layer and cortex and consequently increase the plant resistance against nematode infection”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect mechanisms through increased plant nutrient uptake efficiency may explain the growth and resistance effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- internal plant resistance against nematode infectione5
- Qualifier
- indirect mechanisms through increasing plant nutrient uptake efficiencye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“This may be due to indirect mechanisms through increasing plant nutrient uptake efficiency and increasing the internal plant resistance against nematode infection”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant resistance-stimulants reduced nematode criteria in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- plant resistance-stimulantse6
- Outcome
- nematode’s criteriae6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Our results revealed that the application of the plant resistance-stimulants enhanced the plant growth parameters and internal nutrient content and reduced the nematode’s criteria”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant resistance-stimulants induced internal plant resistance against nematode infection in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- plant resistance-stimulantse6
- Outcome
- internal plant resistance against nematode infectione7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Our results revealed that the application of the plant resistance-stimulants enhanced the plant growth parameters and internal nutrient content and reduced the nematode’s criteria”
e7“Consequently, the internal plant resistance against nematode infection was induced”
t0“Suppression of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →mycorrhiza · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
126 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.