Abstract
Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX). In an attempt to investigate cross-priming effects of cold on plant pathogen protection, we show here that such a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC − . The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days. The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 but required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines. Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers. This highlights that the plant immune system benefits from postcold regeneration of the protective chloroplast peroxidase system. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-hour cold treatment reduced Arabidopsis susceptibility to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- single 24-h cold treatment at 4°Ce0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- single 24-h cold treatment at 4°Ce1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC −”
e1“a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- single 24-h cold treatment at 4°Ce1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC −”
e1“a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC −.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- single 24-h cold treatment at 4°Ce1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC −Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC −”
e1“a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming protection against P. syringae was present immediately and persisted at least five days.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomatoPseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomatoe0
- Value
- at least 5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming benefit did not require EDS1 or activation of NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)e0
- Outcome
- priming benefite0
- Qualifier
- independent ofe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming benefit required thylakoid and stromal ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- effect was absent or weake0
- Qualifier
- required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing tAPX postcold regulation increased bacterial growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Suppression of tAPX postcold regulatione0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e1pathogen
- Gene
- tAPXe0
- Outcome
- bacterial growth numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers.”
e1“virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000 · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →cold · Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000 · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.