Abstract
Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX). In an attempt to investigate cross-priming effects of cold on plant pathogen protection, we show here that such a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC−. The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days. The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 but required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines. Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers. This highlights that the plant immune system benefits from postcold regeneration of the protective chloroplast peroxidase system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming caused postcold tAPX accumulation and altered transcriptional response to a second cold stimulus for days.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX)e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional responsee0
- Qualifier
- for several dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased Arabidopsis susceptibility to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- single 24-h cold treatment at 4°Ce0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1e0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strainse0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment did not alter Arabidopsis resistance to effector deficient hrcC−.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC−Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC−”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming protection against P. syringae pv. tomato was immediate and lasted at least five days.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tomatoPseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen
- Outcome
- effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomatoe0
- Qualifier
- active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming benefit was independent of EDS1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)e0
- Outcome
- priming benefite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming benefit was independent of NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 activation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Gene
- NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1e0
- Outcome
- priming benefite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1”
e1“The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1)”
e2“susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold priming benefit required thylakoid bound and stromal ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- priming benefite1
- Qualifier
- effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines”
e1“The priming benefit”
e2“susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing postcold tAPX regulation increased bacterial growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Suppression of tAPX postcold regulatione0
- Gene
- tAPXe0
- Outcome
- bacterial growth numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers”
e1“susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas”
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.