Paper · 2022 · International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

The Effect of Different Tillage Methods and Nitrogen Chemical Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn

Reza Imani; Morteza Samdeliri; Amirabbas Mousavi Mirkalaei

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
7
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Selection of suitable tillage and application of optimal nitrogen fertilizer are essential to achieve optimal efficiency in crop management. In order to investigate the effect of tillage and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran Province, Iran, in 2016 and 2017. Experimental factors were tillage at three levels, including no-tillage (NT), conservation tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) in the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (no nitrogen fertilizer application and 33, 66, and 100% of the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer) in a subplot. The results showed that, in tillage treatments, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application increased photosynthetic pigments. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b were not significantly different in CT and MT treatments. Nitrogen and grain protein, yield components, and biological yield increased with the increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizer. The highest grain and biological yields in MT in the second year were observed at 11633.15 and 16644.16 kg·ha1, respectively. Grain and biological yield in the second year than the first year were further increased in NT and MT treatments compared to CT. Yield in MT and NT treatments improves over time. Due to the time limit in land preparation in the study area, the use of MT with 100 and 66% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer can replace CT in the area.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In tillage treatments, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application increased corn photosynthetic pigments.

Treatment
increasing nitrogen fertilizer applicatione1
Outcome
photosynthetic pigmentse1
Direction
increasede1
Qualifier
in tillage treatmentse1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e1

“in tillage treatments, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application increased photosynthetic pigments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 769–868 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Carotenoids and chlorophyll b did not differ significantly between conventional and conservation tillage.

Treatment
MT treatmentse2
Outcome
Carotenoids and chlorophyll be2
Direction
no_changeinferrede2
Comparator
CTe2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e2

“Carotenoids and chlorophyll b were not significantly different in CT and MT treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 870–956 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen and grain protein of corn increased with increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizer.

Treatment
increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizere3
Outcome
Nitrogen and grain proteine3
Direction
increasede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e3

“Nitrogen and grain protein, yield components, and biological yield increased with the increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 958–1093 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield components and biological yield of corn increased with increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizer.

Treatment
increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizere3
Outcome
yield components, and biological yielde3
Direction
increasede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e3

“Nitrogen and grain protein, yield components, and biological yield increased with the increasing use of recommended nitrogen fertilizer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 958–1093 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grain yield of corn in MT in the second year was highest at 11633.15 kg·ha1.

Treatment
MTe4
Outcome
grain and biological yieldse4
Direction
higheste4
Value
11633.15e4
Qualifier
in MT in the second yeare4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e4

“The highest grain and biological yields in MT in the second year were observed at 11633.15 and 16644.16 kg·ha1, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1219 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biological yield of corn in MT in the second year was highest at 16644.16 kg·ha1.

Treatment
MTe4
Outcome
biological yieldse4
Direction
higheste4
Value
16644.16e4
Qualifier
in MT in the second yeare4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e4

“The highest grain and biological yields in MT in the second year were observed at 11633.15 and 16644.16 kg·ha1, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1219 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grain and biological yield of corn increased further in NT and MT compared with CT in the second year relative to the first year.

Treatment
NT and MT treatmentse5
Outcome
Grain and biological yielde5
Direction
increasede5
Qualifier
in the second year than the first yeare5
Comparator
CTe5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e5

“Grain and biological yield in the second year than the first year were further increased in NT and MT treatments compared to CT”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1221–1348 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield of corn in MT and NT treatments improved over time.

Treatment
MT and NT treatmentse6
Outcome
Yielde6
Direction
improvese6
Qualifier
over timee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e6

“Yield in MT and NT treatments improves over time”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1350–1398 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend that MT with 100 and 66% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer can replace CT in the study area.

Outcome
the use of MT with 100 and 66% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizere7
Comparator
CTe7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative traits of corn grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–291 · show in text ↑
e7

“the use of MT with 100 and 66% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer can replace CT in the area”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1461–1557 · show in text ↑

fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

104 papers: 92 positive, 12 negative or no effect

91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

100 papers more in this group

See all 104 papers →

fertilization · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

262 papers: 236 positive, 26 negative or no effect

235 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

258 papers more in this group

See all 262 papers →

tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

1,099 papers: 812 positive, 287 negative or no effect

811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

1,095 papers more in this group

See all 1,099 papers →

fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

3,908 papers: 3,485 positive, 423 negative or no effect

3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3,904 papers more in this group

See all 3,908 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.