Abstract
A few post-bloom thinners are available for apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and the prospects for additional thinners appear to be limited. Application of blossom thinners may present a risk of overthining in the areas where weather is less predictable. Thus, we studied the impacts of various rates of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in three strains of “Fuji” apple and different rates of ACC and one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple, when fruitlet diameter was about 20 mm, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality attributes at harvest, and return bloom in southwest Idaho in the Intermountain West region, USA. In 2013, application of Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D), length(L), or L/D ratio 34 days after application, or yield, fruit weight, color, russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest, while application of ACC at 150 mg·L-1 or higher reduced fruit set by 19% to 34% in “Buckeye Gala” apple. In this cultivar, application of ACC at 350 mg·L-1 significantly increased fruit weight, diameter and length 34 days after application, and increased fruit weight, color, and SDP at harvest time. Application of ACC at all rates reduced total yield per tree in “Buckeye Gala”. Application of ACC at 300 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set but applications of 150 mg·L-1 or 300 mg·L-1 ACC did not affect yield or quality attributes of “Sun Fuji” apple in Sunny Slope area in 2013. Application of ACC reduced fruit set and slightly increased fruit size in “Top Export Fuji” in 2013. Application of ACC at 600 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set in “Aztec Fuji” apple in 2014. Application of ACC in a season never reduced bloom density (return bloom) of the next season. Overall, we conclude that ACC is an excellent tool as a late-season post-bloom fruit thinner and can be effective when applied fruitlet diameter is about 20 mm.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight or diameter of Buckeye Gala apple 34 days after application.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1e3
- Outcome
- fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D)e3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- 34 days after applicatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e3“application of Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D), length(L), or L/D ratio 34 days after application, or yield, fruit weight, color, russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit length or L/D ratio of Buckeye Gala apple 34 days after application.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1e3
- Outcome
- length(L), or L/D ratioe3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- 34 days after applicatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e3“application of Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D), length(L), or L/D ratio 34 days after application, or yield, fruit weight, color, russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect yield, fruit weight or color of Buckeye Gala apple at harvest.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1e3
- Outcome
- yield, fruit weight, colore3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- at harveste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e3“application of Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D), length(L), or L/D ratio 34 days after application, or yield, fruit weight, color, russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect russet or starch degradation pattern of Buckeye Gala apple at harvest.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1e3
- Outcome
- russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP)e3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- at harveste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e3“application of Ethrel at 300 mg·L-1 did not affect fruit set, fruit weight, diameter (D), length(L), or L/D ratio 34 days after application, or yield, fruit weight, color, russet, and starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 150 mg·L-1 or higher reduced fruit set of Buckeye Gala apple by 19% to 34%.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae4
- Treatment
- ACC at 150 mg·L-1 or highere4
- Outcome
- fruit sete4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 19% to 34%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e4“application of ACC at 150 mg·L-1 or higher reduced fruit set by 19% to 34% in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 350 mg·L-1 significantly increased fruit weight, diameter and length of Buckeye Gala apple 34 days after application.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- ACC at 350 mg·L-1e5
- Outcome
- fruit weight, diameter and lengthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- 34 days after applicatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e5“In this cultivar, application of ACC at 350 mg·L-1 significantly increased fruit weight, diameter and length 34 days after application, and increased fruit weight, color, and SDP at harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 350 mg·L-1 increased fruit weight, color and starch degradation pattern of Buckeye Gala apple at harvest.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae2
- Treatment
- ACC at 350 mg·L-1e5
- Outcome
- fruit weight, color, and SDPe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at harvest timee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“one rate of Ethrel in “Buckeye Gala” apple”
e5“In this cultivar, application of ACC at 350 mg·L-1 significantly increased fruit weight, diameter and length 34 days after application, and increased fruit weight, color, and SDP at harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at all rates reduced total yield per tree of Buckeye Gala apple.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Buckeye Galae6
- Treatment
- ACC at all ratese6
- Outcome
- total yield per treee6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Application of ACC at all rates reduced total yield per tree in “Buckeye Gala””
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 300 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set of Sun Fuji apple in Sunny Slope area in 2013.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Sun Fujie7
- Treatment
- ACC at 300 mg·L-1e7
- Outcome
- fruit sete7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Setting
- Sunny Slope areae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e7“Application of ACC at 300 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set but applications of 150 mg·L-1 or 300 mg·L-1 ACC did not affect yield or quality attributes of “Sun Fuji” apple in Sunny Slope area in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 150 or 300 mg·L-1 did not affect yield or quality attributes of Sun Fuji apple in Sunny Slope area.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Sun Fujie7
- Treatment
- applications of 150 mg·L-1 or 300 mg·L-1 ACCe7
- Outcome
- yield or quality attributese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Setting
- Sunny Slope areae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e7“Application of ACC at 300 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set but applications of 150 mg·L-1 or 300 mg·L-1 ACC did not affect yield or quality attributes of “Sun Fuji” apple in Sunny Slope area in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced fruit set of Top Export Fuji apple in 2013.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Top Export Fujie0
- Treatment
- Application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e0“Application of ACC reduced fruit set and slightly increased fruit size in “Top Export Fuji” in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC slightly increased fruit size of Top Export Fuji apple in 2013.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Top Export Fujie0
- Treatment
- Application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e0“Application of ACC reduced fruit set and slightly increased fruit size in “Top Export Fuji” in 2013”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC at 600 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set of Aztec Fuji apple in 2014.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- Aztec Fujie0
- Treatment
- ACC at 600 mg·L-1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e0“Application of ACC at 600 mg·L-1 significantly reduced fruit set in “Aztec Fuji” apple in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC applied in a season did not reduce bloom density (return bloom) of the next season.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- bloom density (return bloom)e0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- of the next seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e0“Application of ACC in a season never reduced bloom density (return bloom) of the next season”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that ACC is an excellent late-season post-bloom fruit thinner for apple when applied at about 20 mm fruitlet diameter.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- late-season post-bloom fruit thinnere0
- Qualifier
- when applied fruitlet diameter is about 20 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e0“we conclude that ACC is an excellent tool as a late-season post-bloom fruit thinner and can be effective when applied fruitlet diameter is about 20 mm”
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