Abstract
THE PRESENT study was conducted during the two consecutive …….seasons, 2013 and 2014 on fifteen years old „Zaghloul‟ date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in a calcareous soil under flood irrigation system to study the effect of pre-harvest spray of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3) at 150 mg/l , naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 100 mg/l and ethrel at 1000 mg/l and bunch bagging treatments (about 4 weeks from pollination) on bunch weight, fruit physical characteristics, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and tannins % at harvest and Rutab, weight loss, ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity during cold storage (0 ± 1) °C and 90-95% RH for 15 days. At harvest, all growth regulators increased bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter compared to the control except ethrel which had no influence on fruit weight as compared with the control. NAA spray gave the highest bunch weight than the other treatments. A significant increase was obtained in bunch weight and fruit physical characteristics by bunch bagging compared to un-bagged treatment. TSS % and acidity, as well as tannins, were increased by GA3 and NAA compared with the control. Ethrel spray resulted in higher TSS content and lower acidity and tannins contents compared with control and other growth regulators. Bunch bagging decreased TSS and tannins while it had insignificant effect on acidity. During cold storage, a significant decrease in Rutab% and fruit weight loss was obtained in both seasons by all sprayed growth regulators except ethrel in the first season. Only ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity was significantly higher with GA3 and NAA treatment compared with ethrel and control. In this respect, ethrel showed the lowest ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity among other growth regulators. The result of both seasons generally indicated that bunch bagging treatment tended to increase Rutab%, ascorbic acid and reduce peroxidase activity while it had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenol content.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased bunch weight and fruit size at harvest.
- Taxon
- Date Palm
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Treatment
- all growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except ethrel which had no influence on fruit weighte0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all growth regulators increased bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter compared to the control except ethrel which had no influence on fruit weight as compared with the control.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel did not significantly alter fruit weight.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- ethrele0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- no influencee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except ethrel which had no influence on fruit weight as compared with the control”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA produced the highest bunch weight.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- NAA spraye0
- Outcome
- bunch weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA spray gave the highest bunch weight than the other treatments.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging increased bunch weight and fruit physical traits.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- bunch bagginge0
- Outcome
- bunch weight and fruit physical characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- un-bagged treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase was obtained in bunch weight and fruit physical characteristics by bunch bagging compared to un-bagged treatment.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased soluble solids, acidity and tannins.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- TSS % and acidity, as well as tanninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSS % and acidity, as well as tannins, were increased by GA3 and NAA compared with the control.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased soluble solids, acidity and tannins.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- TSS % and acidity, as well as tanninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSS % and acidity, as well as tannins, were increased by GA3 and NAA compared with the control.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel raised soluble solids but lowered acidity and tannins.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Ethrel spraye0
- Outcome
- TSS contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control and other growth regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethrel spray resulted in higher TSS content and lower acidity and tannins contents compared with control and other growth regulators.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel reduced acidity and tannins.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Ethrel spraye0
- Outcome
- acidity and tannins contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control and other growth regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethrel spray resulted in higher TSS content and lower acidity and tannins contents compared with control and other growth regulators.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging decreased soluble solids and tannins.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Bunch bagginge0
- Outcome
- TSS and tanninse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bunch bagging decreased TSS and tannins while it had insignificant effect on acidity.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging had no significant effect on acidity.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Bunch bagginge0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- insignificant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bunch bagging decreased TSS and tannins while it had insignificant effect on acidity.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator sprays reduced Rutab percentage and weight loss in storage, except first-season ethrel.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- all sprayed growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- Rutab% and fruit weight losse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- except ethrel in the first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During cold storage, a significant decrease in Rutab% and fruit weight loss was obtained in both seasons by all sprayed growth regulators except ethrel in the first season.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased ascorbic acid, phenols and peroxidase relative to ethrel and control.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ethrel and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity was significantly higher with GA3 and NAA treatment compared with ethrel and control.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased ascorbic acid, phenols and peroxidase relative to ethrel and control.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ethrel and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity was significantly higher with GA3 and NAA treatment compared with ethrel and control.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel gave the lowest ascorbic acid, phenols and peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- ethrele0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other growth regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethrel showed the lowest ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity among other growth regulators.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging tended to raise Rutab percentage and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- bunch bagging treatmente0
- Outcome
- Rutab%, ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bunch bagging treatment tended to increase Rutab%, ascorbic acid and reduce peroxidase activity while it had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenol content.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging tended to lower peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- bunch bagging treatmente0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bunch bagging treatment tended to increase Rutab%, ascorbic acid and reduce peroxidase activity while it had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenol content.”
t0“Date Palm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenols.
- Taxon
- Date PalmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- bunch bagging treatmente0
- Outcome
- weight loss and total phenol contente0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bunch bagging treatment tended to increase Rutab%, ascorbic acid and reduce peroxidase activity while it had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenol content.”
t0“Date Palm”
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8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.