Abstract
Seventy one percent of the overall P and K in Erbil governorate soils are in inorganic forms which are unavailable for use in plants. As a result, chemical fertilizer is often used to supplement the nutrient for the growth crops. To reduce the addition of chemical fertilizer to agricultural soils, this research has been conducted to isolate naturally occurring potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSB) and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSB) from Erbil soil samples and use to improve chickpea growth. Thirty nine efficient PSB isolates were selected based on their ability to clear zone formation on Pikovskaya´s agar medium of and 26 efficient KSB isolates using Aleksandro medium. Depending on microscopical, cultural, and biochemical characteristics, PSB strains belonged to Ps.putida while KSB strains referred to B.circulans. All PSB and KSB strains were screened for their solubilization efficiency on both solid and liquid medium. Bh36 strain of Ps.Putida was the most efficient isolate in P solubilization (94.92%,117.78mg/ml) and the most efficient B.circulans strain in K solubilization was Q1 (87.01%,4.81mg/ml), and they were used for P and K biofertilizers preparation, respectively. Pot experiment showed that seed inoculation with Ps.Putida, B.circulans, and combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) application significantly enhanced chickpea growth. Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg). It could be assumed that local Ps.Putida and B.circulans strain can be used as biofertilizer of P and K to improve plant growth and soil fertility.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty nine phosphate solubilizing isolates were selected by clearing zones.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- PSB isolatese0
- Value
- Thirty ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty nine efficient PSB isolates were selected based on their ability to clear zone formation on Pikovskaya´s agar medium”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty six potassium solubilizing isolates were selected.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- KSB isolatese0
- Value
- 26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“26 efficient KSB isolates using Aleksandro medium”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The phosphate solubilizing strains were identified as Ps.putida.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Ps.putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- PSB strains belonged to Ps.putidae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSB strains belonged to Ps.putida”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium solubilizing strains were identified as B.circulans.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- KSB strains referred to B.circulanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KSB strains referred to B.circulans”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bh36 was the most efficient phosphate solubilizer.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Ps.Putida was the most efficient isolate in P solubilizatione0
- Value
- 94.92%,117.78mg/mle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bh36 strain of Ps.Putida was the most efficient isolate in P solubilization (94.92%,117.78mg/ml)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Q1 was the most efficient potassium solubilizer.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- B.circulans strain in K solubilizatione0
- Value
- 87.01%,4.81mg/mle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most efficient B.circulans strain in K solubilization was Q1 (87.01%,4.81mg/ml)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ps.Putida seed inoculation significantly enhanced chickpea growth.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with Ps.Putidae0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- chickpea growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed inoculation with Ps.Putida, B.circulans, and combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) application significantly enhanced chickpea growth”
Claim · model-written summary
B.circulans seed inoculation significantly enhanced chickpea growth.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- B.circulanse0
- Interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- chickpea growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed inoculation with Ps.Putida, B.circulans, and combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) application significantly enhanced chickpea growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced chickpea growth.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) applicatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- chickpea growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) application significantly enhanced chickpea growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest shoot height.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 46.29cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest root length.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 37.84cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 4.28g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest number of seed.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of seede0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 26.37seeds/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest number of active nodules.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of active nodulese0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 11.56/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest P.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 6.35g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest K uptake.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 65.75g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest soil available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 17.21mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation yielded the highest soil available potassium.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil available potassiume0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Value
- 314.5mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined (Ps.Putida+ B.circulans) inoculation recorded the highest increase in shoot height (46.29cm), root length (37.84cm), shoot dry weight (4.28g/plant), number of seed (26.37seeds/plant), number of active nodules (11.56/plant) P (6.35g/plant) and K uptake (65.75g/plant), soil available phosphorus (17.21mg/kg) and soil available potassium (314.5mg/kg)”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed using local bacterial strains as P and K biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Ps.Putidae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B.circulanse0symbiont
- Outcome
- used as biofertilizer of P and K to improve plant growth and soil fertilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“local Ps.Putida and B.circulans strain can be used as biofertilizer of P and K to improve plant growth and soil fertility”
t0“Chickpea plant”
t1“Chickpea plant”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · nutrient: content · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →inoculation · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
110 papers more in this group
See all 114 papers →inoculation · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
148 papers more in this group
See all 152 papers →inoculation · soil: chemistry · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.