Abstract
Optimal irrigation and nitrogen management remains a major challenge for improving water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and vegetables yield in Egypt. The effect of three irrigation intervals (8, 12 and 16 days, starting after first irrigation), three nitrogen fertilizer rates (60, 75 (control) and 90 kg/fed.) and their interaction on growth, fruit yield, nutritional status, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of summer squash cv. Eskandrani were studied in two experiments conducted in a clay loam soil at a private farm, Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the two summer seasons of 2006 and 2007. Results indicated that irrigation every 8 days throughout growing season resulted in higher foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plant, total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weight, seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) in both summer seasons. Early fruit yield/fed. and K concentration in leaves were highest with the intermediate interval (12 days) in both summer seasons. On the other hand, there were insignificant differences between irrigation every 8 or 12 days intervals in N, P, and K uptake by plant in both seasons. Water use efficiency (WUE) and N and P concentration in leaves were highest with irrigation interval at 16 days in both seasons. All studied characters except AEN were significantly increased with increasing “N” rates, whereas there were insignificant differences between 75 and 90 kg N/fed. in either P concentration in leaves or WUE in both seasons. AEN was significantly decreased with raising N rates in both seasons. The interaction effect between irrigation rates and “N” levels was significant for all the studied parameters in both seasons. Generally, it could be concluded that irrigation every 12 days intervals combined with application of 75 kg N/fed. to summer squash cv. Eskandrani fields might gave the chance for increasing water and nitrogen use efficiency and produce satisfactory and good marketable fruit yield with minimizing environmental impact of over-fertilization.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 8 days increased foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plant in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- irrigation every 8 dayse0
- Outcome
- foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“irrigation every 8 days throughout growing season resulted in higher foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plant, total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weight, seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) in both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 8 days increased total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weight in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- irrigation every 8 dayse0
- Outcome
- total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“irrigation every 8 days throughout growing season resulted in higher foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plant, total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weight, seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) in both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 8 days increased seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- irrigation every 8 dayse0
- Outcome
- seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“irrigation every 8 days throughout growing season resulted in higher foliage weight, number of leaves and leaves weight per plant, total fruit yield/fed., marketable yield/fed., mean fruit weight, seasonal applied water and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) in both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
A 12-day irrigation interval gave the highest early fruit yield.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- intermediate interval (12 days)e0
- Outcome
- Early fruit yield/fed.e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“Early fruit yield/fed. and K concentration in leaves were highest with the intermediate interval (12 days) in both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
A 12-day irrigation interval gave the highest leaf K concentration.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- intermediate interval (12 days)e0
- Outcome
- K concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“Early fruit yield/fed. and K concentration in leaves were highest with the intermediate interval (12 days) in both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K uptake did not differ significantly between 8- and 12-day irrigation.
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“there were insignificant differences between irrigation every 8 or 12 days intervals in N, P, and K uptake by plant in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16-day irrigation interval gave the highest water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- irrigation interval at 16 dayse0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) and N and P concentration in leaves were highest with irrigation interval at 16 days in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16-day interval gave the highest leaf N and P concentration.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- irrigation interval at 16 dayse0
- Outcome
- N and P concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) and N and P concentration in leaves were highest with irrigation interval at 16 days in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rates significantly increased all studied characters except AEN.
- Taxon
- SUMMER SQUASHt0
- Treatment
- increasing “N” ratese0
- Outcome
- All studied characters except AENe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“All studied characters except AEN were significantly increased with increasing “N” rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf P concentration did not significantly differ between 75 and 90 kg N/fed.
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“there were insignificant differences between 75 and 90 kg N/fed. in either P concentration in leaves or WUE in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
WUE did not significantly differ between 75 and 90 kg N/fed.
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“there were insignificant differences between 75 and 90 kg N/fed. in either P concentration in leaves or WUE in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic nitrogen efficiency significantly decreased as nitrogen rate rose.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“AEN was significantly decreased with raising N rates in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation interval and nitrogen rate interacted significantly for all studied parameters.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“The interaction effect between irrigation rates and “N” levels was significant for all the studied parameters in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested 12-day irrigation and 75 kg N/fed. for efficiency and satisfactory yield.
Verbatim
t0“SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
e0“irrigation every 12 days intervals combined with application of 75 kg N/fed. to summer squash cv. Eskandrani fields might gave the chance for increasing water and nitrogen use efficiency and produce satisfactory and good marketable fruit yield with minimizing environmental impact of over-fertilization”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.