Abstract
Applying organic matter (OM) amendments to cropland reduces requirements for synthetic fertilizer and may eliminate yield differences between conventional and minimum tillage. The objectives of this research were to determine how tillage and composted swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure affected yield of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil concentrations of OM, P, and K. A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation, in all phases, was initiated in 1998 in plots that had been managed with moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow, or no-till since 1988. Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year of the study vs. no-till. Thereafter, tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost. Tillage × compost interactions during the last 2 yr of the study increased no-till compost yield 11% vs. no compost. Soybean yield was similar in no-till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no-till in 3 of 4 yr. Tillage × compost interactions were observed in 2 of 4 yr that increased no-till compost yield 9% vs. no compost. Averaged across all crops and tillage, compost-amended soil had 63 g kg−1 OM and 164 mg kg−1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost. Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no-till systems. Nevertheless, compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to minimize the potential for excessive soil P accumulation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year relative to no-till.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Moldboard and chisel plowe0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in the first year of the studye0
- Comparator
- no-tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moldboard and chisel plow increased corn yield in the first year of the study vs. no-till”
Claim · model-written summary
After the first year, tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/clover
Glycine max
Trifolium
Triticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- tillagee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- on plots that received composte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e1“Thereafter, tillage did not affect yield on plots that received compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage × compost interactions in the last 2 years increased no-till compost yield by 11% relative to no compost.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/cloverGlycine maxTrifoliumTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- no-till composte3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 11%e3
- Qualifier
- during the last 2 yr of the studye3
- Comparator
- no composte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e3“Tillage × compost interactions during the last 2 yr of the study increased no-till compost yield 11% vs. no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar in chisel compost plots and no-till plots during the study period.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- chisel compost plotse4
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde4
- Direction
- similare4
- Qualifier
- during the study periode4
- Comparator
- no-tille4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean yield was similar in no-till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no-till in 3 of 4 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar between moldboard plow and no-till in 3 of 4 years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- MPe4
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde4
- Direction
- similare4
- Qualifier
- in 3 of 4 yre4
- Comparator
- no-tille4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soybean yield was similar in no-till and chisel compost plots during the study period and between MP and no-till in 3 of 4 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage × compost interactions in 2 of 4 years increased no-till compost yield by 9% relative to no compost.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/cloverGlycine maxTrifoliumTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- no-till composte5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 9%e5
- Qualifier
- 2 of 4 yre5
- Comparator
- no composte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e5“Tillage × compost interactions were observed in 2 of 4 yr that increased no-till compost yield 9% vs. no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged across crops and tillage, compost-amended soil had higher organic matter (63 g kg−1) than no-compost soil.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/cloverGlycine maxTrifoliumTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- compost-amended soile6
- Outcome
- OMe6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 63 g kg−1e6
- Qualifier
- vs. 56e6
- Comparator
- no composte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e6“Averaged across all crops and tillage, compost-amended soil had 63 g kg−1 OM and 164 mg kg−1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged across crops and tillage, compost-amended soil had higher soil P (164 mg kg−1) than no-compost soil.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/cloverGlycine maxTrifoliumTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- compost-amended soile6
- Outcome
- Pe6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 164 mg kg−1e6
- Qualifier
- vs. 56 and 55e6
- Comparator
- no composte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e6“Averaged across all crops and tillage, compost-amended soil had 63 g kg−1 OM and 164 mg kg−1 P vs. 56 and 55 in no compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no-till systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse7
- Treatment
- multiple compost applicationse7
- Outcome
- yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no-till systems. Nevertheless, compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to minimize the potential for excessive soil P accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to limit excessive soil P accumulation.
- Taxon
- corn–soybean–wheat/cloverGlycine maxTrifoliumTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- compost applicatione7
- Outcome
- excessive soil P accumulatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A corn–soybean–wheat/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation”
e7“Corn and soybean producers can enhance yield with multiple compost applications and eliminate yield differences between conventional and no-till systems. Nevertheless, compost application for soil OM enhancement must be balanced with P input to minimize the potential for excessive soil P accumulation”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · TrifoliumResults differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →tillage · yield · TrifoliumPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · TrifoliumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
264 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
306 papers more in this group
See all 310 papers →tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
386 papers more in this group
See all 390 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
853 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
955 papers more in this group
See all 959 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,025 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
1,160 papers more in this group
See all 1,164 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.