Abstract
The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is one of the most harmful insects attacking several economic plant crops worldwide, and it has developed a resistance toward several conventional insecticides. This study was conducted to estimate the impact of potassium phosphite (PK), effective microorganisms (EMs), and salicylic acid (SA) as plant inducers, and imidacloprid (IMI) as a synthetic insecticide on the systemic acquired resistance of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop, whitefly population, and crop yield under greenhouse conditions. The treatment plots were sprayed with IMI, PK, EMs, SA, and water (control) on the 27th day after planting, and dinotefuran was applied when the whitefly-infestation ratio reached 3.00%. The enzymes responsible for the internal defence system, whitefly population, and crop yield were determined. Our results confirmed the idea that the PK, EMs, and SA may induce the synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence system. The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control. Moreover, the reduction percentages of the whitefly population were significantly higher when using IMI and PK than EMs and SA. The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield. It could be concluded that PK, EMs, and SA enhanced the systemic acquired resistance in sweet pepper crop causing high defence against the population of whitefly and might be a potent alternative to conventional insecticides and compatible with an integrated pest management program.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphite may induce pepper defense enzyme synthesis.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuume2 - Treatment
- potassium phosphitee0
- Outcome
- synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence systeme1
- Qualifier
- may inducee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium phosphite (PK)”
e1“PK, EMs, and SA may induce the synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence system.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective microorganisms may induce pepper defense enzyme synthesis.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- effective microorganismse0
- Outcome
- synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence systeme1
- Qualifier
- may inducee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective microorganisms (EMs)”
e1“PK, EMs, and SA may induce the synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence system.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid may induce pepper defense enzyme synthesis.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence systeme1
- Qualifier
- may inducee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid (SA)”
e1“PK, EMs, and SA may induce the synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence system.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid significantly suppressed whitefly population relative to control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- imidaclopride0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie3pest - Outcome
- whitefly populatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid (IMI)”
e1“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e3“silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphite significantly suppressed whitefly population relative to control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- potassium phosphitee0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium phosphite (PK)”
e1“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e3“silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective microorganisms significantly suppressed whitefly population relative to control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- effective microorganismse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective microorganisms (EMs)”
e1“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e3“silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly suppressed whitefly population relative to control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie3pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid (SA)”
e1“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e3“silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid yielded a significantly higher whitefly reduction percentage than EMs and SA.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- IMIe0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- reduction percentages of the whitefly populatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- EMs and SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the reduction percentages of the whitefly population were significantly higher when using IMI and PK than EMs and SA.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphite yielded a significantly higher whitefly reduction percentage than EMs and SA.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- PKe0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- reduction percentages of the whitefly populatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- EMs and SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the reduction percentages of the whitefly population were significantly higher when using IMI and PK than EMs and SA.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid improved pepper crop yield.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- IMIe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e2“water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium phosphite improved pepper crop yield.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- PKe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e2“water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective microorganisms improved pepper crop yield.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- EMse0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e2“water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid improved pepper crop yield.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield.”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop”
e2“water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose PK, EMs and SA as potential insecticide alternatives compatible with integrated pest management.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- might be a potent alternative to conventional insecticides and compatible with an integrated pest management programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PK, EMs, and SA enhanced the systemic acquired resistance in sweet pepper crop causing high defence against the population of whitefly and might be a potent alternative to conventional insecticides and compatible with an integrated pest management program.”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →inoculation · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →inoculation · Bemisia tabaci · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.