Abstract
Abstract Background The effect of Aspergillus spp. and Trichoderma harzianum isolates was evaluated against the growth of Fusarium oxysporum , F. solani , Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora citrophthora affecting peach seedlings. Results The in vitro results revealed the ability of these antagonistic in reducing the radial growth of these pathogens. The most important mycelial growth reduction was of 85.82%, recorded for F. oxysporum in confrontation with A5 of Aspergillus candidus . Aspergillus flavus A4 and A. niger A10 were the most effective against F. solani with an inhibition percent more than 60%. For P. citrophthora , A. flavus A4, A. candidus A5, A. terreus A9 and A. niger A10 inhibited the mycelia growth by more than 60%. Aspergillus nidulans A1 was the most effective against Pythium ultimum (72.07%). Trichoderma harzianum isolates T9 and T10, are the most effective with a high inhibition percent of mycelial growth. The inhibition induced after 4 days of incubation, against F. oxysporum , F. solani , P. citrophthora and Pythium ultimum by these 2 antagonists exceeded 70, 60, 70 and 80%, respectively. The in planta test showed the efficacy of antagonists tested solo against some pathogens. In fact, Bacillus subtilis improved the health status by 62.55% compared to the control inoculated with P. ultimum . Trichoderma harzianum T9 significantly reduced the root rot index by 87.5% than the control inoculated with F. solani . In the same sense, B. subtilis significantly reduced this parameter by 62.55 and 88.89% than the control inoculated with P. ultimum and P. citrophthora , respectively. Furthermore, B. subtilis (B) and Aspergillus niger A10 improved plants height than the control inoculated with Pythium ultimum by 31.52 and 40.49%, respectively. However, the combinations of antagonists (T9 + T10; A5 + A10 and B + T10) did not improve their efficacy. Conclusions The isolates T. harzianum (T9 and T10), A. candidus A5 and A. niger A10 were the most effective in vitro against Fusarium , Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with peach seedling decline. The in vivo assay showed the effectiveness of B. subtilis against P. ultimum and P. citrophthora and the potential effect of T. harzianum T9 against F. solani. Their combinations revealed to be ineffective.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus candidus A5 reduced F. oxysporum mycelial growth by 85.82%.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- A5 of Aspergillus candiduse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Aspergillus candidus
Aspergillus candiduse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 85.82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“The most important mycelial growth reduction was of 85.82%, recorded for F. oxysporum in confrontation with A5 of Aspergillus candidus .”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus flavus A4 inhibited F. solani growth by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Aspergillus flavus A4e0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Aspergillus flavus A4
Aspergillus flavuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition percente0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- more than 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“Aspergillus flavus A4 and A. niger A10 were the most effective against F. solani with an inhibition percent more than 60%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus niger A10 inhibited F. solani growth by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- A. niger A10e0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. niger A10
Aspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition percente0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- more than 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“Aspergillus flavus A4 and A. niger A10 were the most effective against F. solani with an inhibition percent more than 60%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Aspergillus isolates each inhibited P. citrophthora growth by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- A. flavus A4, A. candidus A5, A. terreus A9 and A. niger A10e0
- Interactor
- P. citrophthoraPhytophthora citrophthorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelia growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- more than 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“For P. citrophthora , A. flavus A4, A. candidus A5, A. terreus A9 and A. niger A10 inhibited the mycelia growth by more than 60%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus nidulans A1 inhibited Pythium ultimum by 72.07%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Aspergillus nidulans A1e0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Aspergillus nidulans A1
Aspergillus nidulanse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Pythium ultimume0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 72.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“Aspergillus nidulans A1 was the most effective against Pythium ultimum (72.07%).”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum T9 and T10 inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth by over 70%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- these 2 antagonistse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 70e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“The inhibition induced after 4 days of incubation, against F. oxysporum , F. solani , P. citrophthora and Pythium ultimum by these 2 antagonists exceeded 70, 60, 70 and 80%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum T9 and T10 inhibited F. solani mycelial growth by over 60%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- these 2 antagonistse0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“The inhibition induced after 4 days of incubation, against F. oxysporum , F. solani , P. citrophthora and Pythium ultimum by these 2 antagonists exceeded 70, 60, 70 and 80%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum T9 and T10 inhibited P. citrophthora mycelial growth by over 70%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- these 2 antagonistse0
- Interactor
- P. citrophthoraPhytophthora citrophthorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 70e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“The inhibition induced after 4 days of incubation, against F. oxysporum , F. solani , P. citrophthora and Pythium ultimum by these 2 antagonists exceeded 70, 60, 70 and 80%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum T9 and T10 inhibited Pythium ultimum mycelial growth by over 80%.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- these 2 antagonistse0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“The inhibition induced after 4 days of incubation, against F. oxysporum , F. solani , P. citrophthora and Pythium ultimum by these 2 antagonists exceeded 70, 60, 70 and 80%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis improved peach seedling health by 62.55% versus P. ultimum control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise0
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- health statuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 62.55%e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with P. ultimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“Bacillus subtilis improved the health status by 62.55% compared to the control inoculated with P. ultimum .”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum T9 reduced root rot index by 87.5% versus F. solani control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum T9e0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum T9
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root rot indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 87.5%e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with F. solanie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“Trichoderma harzianum T9 significantly reduced the root rot index by 87.5% than the control inoculated with F. solani .”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis reduced root rot index by 62.55% versus P. ultimum control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- this parametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62.55e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with P. ultimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“B. subtilis significantly reduced this parameter by 62.55 and 88.89% than the control inoculated with P. ultimum and P. citrophthora , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis reduced root rot index by 88.89% versus P. citrophthora control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- P. citrophthoraPhytophthora citrophthorae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- this parametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88.89%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“B. subtilis significantly reduced this parameter by 62.55 and 88.89% than the control inoculated with P. ultimum and P. citrophthora , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis increased plant height by 31.52% versus Pythium ultimum control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis (B)e0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plants heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 31.52e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with Pythium ultimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“B. subtilis (B) and Aspergillus niger A10 improved plants height than the control inoculated with Pythium ultimum by 31.52 and 40.49%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus niger A10 increased plant height by 40.49% versus Pythium ultimum control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Aspergillus niger A10e0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Aspergillus niger A10Aspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plants heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 40.49%e0
- Comparator
- control inoculated with Pythium ultimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“B. subtilis (B) and Aspergillus niger A10 improved plants height than the control inoculated with Pythium ultimum by 31.52 and 40.49%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of antagonists did not improve efficacy.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- combinations of antagonistse0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peach seedlings”
e0“the combinations of antagonists (T9 + T10; A5 + A10 and B + T10) did not improve their efficacy.”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · control · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.