Abstract
Effects of amino acids and nitrogen on plant regrowth or recovery from drought stress remain largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to examine how gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or proline, alone and in combination, or inorganic nitrogen [ammonium nitrate (NN)] may differentially affect turf performance during drought stress and rewatering, and to determine which specific endogenous amino acids regulated by GABA, proline, or NN priming were associated with plant tolerance to drought stress and postdrought recuperation in cool-season grass species. Creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera cv. Penncross) planted in porous ceramic fritted clay medium were exposed to well-watered conditions or drought stress by withholding irrigation for 21 days in growth chambers. Plants were treated with water (untreated control), GABA, or proline alone and in combination, or NN through foliar spray before drought stress and every 7 days during the 21-day stress period. For postdrought recovery, at 21 days of drought treatment, plants were rewatered for 14 days to return soil water content to prestress levels. Plants treated with GABA or proline alone or in combination maintained higher turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon length by 21 days of drought stress, whereas proline-treated plants also maintained higher leaf relative water content (RWC) during drought as well as longer stolon length during rewatering. Plants treated with NN maintained higher TQ and leaf RWC during drought and had improved percent canopy cover, DGCI, and stolon length during postdrought rewatering. Accumulation of endogenous amino acids under drought stress, including proline and alanine, for proline-treated creeping bentgrass may have contributed to the enhancement of drought tolerance and postdrought regrowth. Nitrogen-enhanced accumulation of GABA, proline, and glutamic acid may have played a role in active amino acid assimilation and subsequent postdrought regrowth. Results from this study indicate that GABA or proline were mainly effective in promoting the tolerance of creeping bentgrass to drought stress while inorganic NN was effective in promoting rapid postdrought recovery and regrowth potential through the activation of amino acid metabolism. Endogenous amino acids, including GABA, proline, alanine, and glutamic acid, may be used as biomarkers to select for drought-tolerant plants and biostimulant components for improvement of drought stress tolerance and poststress recovery in cool-season turfgrass species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
GABA maintained higher turf quality, dark green color index and stolon length during drought.
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Outcome
- turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- by 21 days of drought stresse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with GABA or proline alone or in combination maintained higher turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon length by 21 days of drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline maintained higher turf quality, color index and stolon length during drought.
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- by 21 days of drought stresse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with GABA or proline alone or in combination maintained higher turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon length by 21 days of drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined GABA and proline maintained higher turf quality, color index and stolon length during drought.
- Treatment
- GABA or proline alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- by 21 days of drought stresse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with GABA or proline alone or in combination maintained higher turf quality (TQ), dark green color index (DGCI), and stolon length by 21 days of drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline maintained higher leaf relative water content during drought.
- Treatment
- proline-treatede0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- during droughte0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“proline-treated plants also maintained higher leaf relative water content (RWC) during drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline maintained longer stolons during rewatering.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“proline-treated plants also maintained higher leaf relative water content (RWC) during drought as well as longer stolon length during rewatering”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen maintained higher turf quality and leaf water content during drought.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with NN maintained higher TQ and leaf RWC during drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved canopy cover, color index and stolon length during rewatering.
- Treatment
- NNe0
- Outcome
- percent canopy cover, DGCI, and stolon lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- during postdrought rewateringe0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with NN maintained higher TQ and leaf RWC during drought and had improved percent canopy cover, DGCI, and stolon length during postdrought rewatering”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline treatment accumulated endogenous proline and alanine under drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae0 - Treatment
- proline-treatede0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of endogenous amino acidse0
- Qualifier
- under drought stress, including proline and alaninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of endogenous amino acids under drought stress, including proline and alanine, for proline-treated creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and alanine accumulation may contribute to drought tolerance and regrowth.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Compound
- proline and alaninee0
- Outcome
- enhancement of drought tolerance and postdrought regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of endogenous amino acids under drought stress, including proline and alanine, for proline-treated creeping bentgrass may have contributed to the enhancement of drought tolerance and postdrought regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased GABA, proline and glutamic acid accumulation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen-enhanced accumulation of GABA, proline, and glutamic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-enhanced amino acid accumulation may aid assimilation and postdrought regrowth.
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- active amino acid assimilation and subsequent postdrought regrowthe0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of GABA, proline, and glutamic acide0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen-enhanced accumulation of GABA, proline, and glutamic acid may have played a role in active amino acid assimilation and subsequent postdrought regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose GABA and proline for drought tolerance and NN for rapid recovery through amino acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- GABA or prolinee0
- Outcome
- tolerance of creeping bentgrass to drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA or proline were mainly effective in promoting the tolerance of creeping bentgrass to drought stress while inorganic NN was effective in promoting rapid postdrought recovery and regrowth potential through the activation of amino acid metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous amino acids may serve as biomarkers and biostimulant components for drought tolerance and recovery.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous amino acids, including GABA, proline, alanine, and glutamic acid, may be used as biomarkers to select for drought-tolerant plants and biostimulant components for improvement of drought stress tolerance and poststress recovery in cool-season turfgrass species”
The same questions in other papers
gamma-aminobutyric acid · quality: general · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.