Abstract
Bio-fertilizers improve nutrient availability and reduce the need to use chemical fertilizers and hold a great promise to increase crop yields. To study the effects of different nutrition systems, this research evaluated the individual and combined effects of bio-fertilizers and compared their efficiency with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) chemical fertilizers on the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the 2017–2018 crop year in Hamedan, Iran. The field experiment included a combination of two factorial experiments, consisting of (a) the application of chemical nitrogen (N0=0, N1=45, N2=90 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (P0=0, P1=40, P2=80 kg ha-1) fertilizers, and (b) the application of N-fixing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter (BN0=0, BN1=0.5, BN2=1 L ha-1), and P-solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas and Bacillus (BP0=0, BP1=0.5, BP2=1 L ha-1) bio-fertilizers. Each experiment used a 3×3 design with nine treatments and arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results indicated that the chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weight, protein percentage, and harvest index. Furthermore, bio-fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield and harvest index. The application of bio-fertilizers with N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing bacteria improved the growth and yield characteristics of sunflower. Sunflower oil yield was similar among all treatments, ranged from 2.22 to 5.7 t ha-1. Grain yield ranged from 5.12 to 5.88 t ha-1. A similar result between treatments with the chemical and bio-fertilizers suggests that bio-fertilizers are potential alternatives to chemical fertilizers.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased grain yield, thousand-grain weight and dry weight.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- chemical N and P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weight, protein percentage, and harvest index”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased protein percentage and harvest index.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- chemical N and P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- protein percentage, and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical N and P fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield, thousand-grain weight, plant dry weight, protein percentage, and harvest index”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers significantly increased grain yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yield and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield and harvest index”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N-fixing and P-solubilizing bio-fertilizers improved sunflower growth and yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizers with N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing bacteriae0
- Outcome
- growth and yield characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-fertilizers with N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing bacteria improved the growth and yield characteristics of sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower oil yield was similar among treatments.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 2.22 to 5.7 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower oil yield was similar among all treatments, ranged from 2.22 to 5.7 t ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranged from 5.12 to 5.88 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Value
- 5.12 to 5.88 t ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield ranged from 5.12 to 5.88 t ha-1”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The similar treatment results suggest bio-fertilizers may replace chemical fertilizers.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- bio-fertilizers are potential alternatives to chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar result between treatments with the chemical and bio-fertilizers suggests that bio-fertilizers are potential alternatives to chemical fertilizers”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.