Abstract
The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer effectively improves soil P availability, but it also affects soil microbial communities. However, the responses of soil bacterial communities and P forms to long-term P fertilization, and the relationships of bacterial communities with soil P forms remain unclear in P-deficient field. In this study, the impacts of different P fertilization treatments (chemical nitrogen and potassium (NK); chemical N, P and K (NPK); and NPK plus straw (NPKS)) on the bacterial communities and P forms in sugarcane rhizosphere (RS) and bulk soils (BS) were evaluated. Compared with the NK, the NPK and NPKS treatments significantly ( P <0.05) increased the yield and quality characters of sugarcane, especially under NPKS. Additionally, P fertilization significantly increased the available P (AP), soluble inorganic P (Pi) and retained Pi in both the RS and BS, but they significantly increased the Chao1 and Shannon index only in the BS; and almost all these indices were significantly higher in the RS than in the BS. The bacterial community compositions were also significantly altered by P fertilization, with major changes in the RS and minor changes in the BS. The bacterial genera that were enriched in the sugarcane rhizosphere mainly included Bradyrhizobium , Rhodanobacter , Pseudolabrys , Conexibacter , and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia , some of which potentially promote the plant growth. Compared to NK, functional groups involved in the cycling of carbon, N, and sulfur significantly increased or decreased with fertilizer P application. Moreover, the relative abundances of many bacterial species were significantly correlated with the soil P forms. In conclusion, long-term P fertilization altered bacterial structure and functions in P-deficient sugarcane soil, which could help the soil P cycling and suppling. The results provide useful information to stimulate the power of the microbes by fertilization measures to improve soil nutrients and crop production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilization significantly increased sugarcane yield and quality characters compared with NK.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e0“Compared with the NK, the NPK and NPKS treatments significantly ( P <0.05) increased the yield and quality characters of sugarcane, especially under NPKS”
Claim · model-written summary
NPKS fertilization significantly increased sugarcane yield and quality characters compared with NK, especially under NPKS.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e0“Compared with the NK, the NPK and NPKS treatments significantly ( P <0.05) increased the yield and quality characters of sugarcane, especially under NPKS”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization significantly increased available P, soluble inorganic P and retained Pi in rhizosphere and bulk soils.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- RS and BSe1
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- available P (AP), soluble inorganic P (Pi) and retained Pie1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e1“P fertilization significantly increased the available P (AP), soluble inorganic P (Pi) and retained Pi in both the RS and BS”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization significantly increased Chao1 and Shannon index in bulk soil only.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- BSe2
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- Chao1 and Shannon indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e1“P fertilization significantly increased the available P (AP), soluble inorganic P (Pi) and retained Pi in both the RS and BS”
e2“they significantly increased the Chao1 and Shannon index only in the BS”
Claim · model-written summary
Chao1 and Shannon indices were higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil for almost all indices.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e3“almost all these indices were significantly higher in the RS than in the BS”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization altered bacterial community composition with major changes in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- RSe4
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- bacterial community compositionse4
- Direction
- alterede4
- Qualifier
- major changese4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e4“The bacterial community compositions were also significantly altered by P fertilization, with major changes in the RS and minor changes in the BS”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization altered bacterial community composition with minor changes in bulk soil.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- BSe4
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- bacterial community compositionse4
- Direction
- alterede4
- Qualifier
- minor changese4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e4“The bacterial community compositions were also significantly altered by P fertilization, with major changes in the RS and minor changes in the BS”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium, Rhodanobacter and Pseudolabrys were among the bacterial genera enriched in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- sugarcane rhizospheree5
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium , Rhodanobacter , Pseudolabrys
BradyrhizobiumRhodanobacterPseudolabryse5other - Outcome
- bacterial genera that were enriched in the sugarcane rhizospheree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e5“The bacterial genera that were enriched in the sugarcane rhizosphere mainly included Bradyrhizobium , Rhodanobacter , Pseudolabrys , Conexibacter , and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia”
Claim · model-written summary
Conexibacter and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia were among the bacterial genera enriched in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Organ / stage
- sugarcane rhizospheree5
- Interactor
- Conexibacter
Conexibactere5other - Second interactor
- Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderiae5other
- Outcome
- bacterial genera that were enriched in the sugarcane rhizospheree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e5“The bacterial genera that were enriched in the sugarcane rhizosphere mainly included Bradyrhizobium , Rhodanobacter , Pseudolabrys , Conexibacter , and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with NK, fertilizer P application significantly increased or decreased functional groups involved in carbon, N and sulfur cycling.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e6“Compared to NK, functional groups involved in the cycling of carbon, N, and sulfur significantly increased or decreased with fertilizer P application”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundances of many bacterial species were significantly correlated with soil P forms.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Interactor
- bacterial speciese7other
- Outcome
- relative abundances of many bacterial speciese7
- Qualifier
- soil P formse7
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane rhizosphere and bulk soils”
e7“the relative abundances of many bacterial species were significantly correlated with the soil P forms”
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