Abstract
The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied using a two-factor randomized block design. At 8 and 16 days, the degree of reduction of grafted balsam pear was lower than those of self-rooted balsam pear, although the height and leaf number of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears were remarkably reduced under waterlogging stress. Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves but substantially increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the contents of osmosis-regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) in the leaves of balsam pear under waterlogging stress at 4, 8, and 16 days. The stem of grafted balsam pear formed aerenchyma (pith cavity) at 0 days, whereas the stem of self-rooted balsam pear formed aerenchyma at 4 days. The aerenchyma of the stem formed by grafted balsam pear was more developed than that formed by the self-rooted balsam pear under waterlogging stress. The petiole of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears formed aerenchyma at 16 days, and the aerenchyma of grafted balsam pear was more developed than that of self-rooted balsam pear. These results indicated that grafting improved the antioxidant and osmotic regulation ability of balsam pear and enhanced the tolerance of balsam pear to waterlogging stress by enlarging the pith cavity of the stem and petiole of balsam pear.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted balsam pear showed a lower degree of waterlogging-induced reduction than self-rooted plants at 8 and 16 days.
- Taxon
- balsam pear
Momordica charantiae0 - Treatment
- graftinge1
- Outcome
- degree of reductione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of reduction of grafted balsam pear was lower than those of self-rooted balsam pear”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging stress reduced the height and leaf number of both self-rooted and grafted balsam pear.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Treatment
- waterlogging stresse0
- Outcome
- height and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the height and leaf number of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears were remarkably reduced under waterlogging stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting decreased malondialdehyde content in balsam pear leaves compared with self-rooted plants.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased antioxidant enzyme activities in balsam pear leaves under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
- Setting
- under waterlogging stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves but substantially increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the contents of osmosis-regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) in the leaves of balsam pear under waterlogging stress at 4, 8, and 16 days”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased the contents of osmosis-regulating substances in balsam pear leaves under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- contents of osmosis-regulating substancese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
- Setting
- under waterlogging stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves but substantially increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the contents of osmosis-regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) in the leaves of balsam pear under waterlogging stress at 4, 8, and 16 days”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted balsam pear stem formed aerenchyma (pith cavity) at 0 days, earlier than self-rooted plants at 4 days.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- aerenchymae0
- Qualifier
- at 0 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stem of grafted balsam pear formed aerenchyma (pith cavity) at 0 days, whereas the stem of self-rooted balsam pear formed aerenchyma at 4 days”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerenchyma of the stem was more developed in grafted than in self-rooted balsam pear under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Treatment
- graftinge1
- Outcome
- aerenchymae0
- Direction
- more developede0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aerenchyma of the stem formed by grafted balsam pear was more developed than that formed by the self-rooted balsam pear under waterlogging stress”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Petioles of self-rooted and grafted balsam pear both formed aerenchyma at 16 days.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- petiolee0
- Outcome
- aerenchymae0
- Qualifier
- at 16 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The petiole of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears formed aerenchyma at 16 days”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole aerenchyma of grafted balsam pear was more developed than that of self-rooted plants at 16 days.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Organ / stage
- petiolee1
- Treatment
- graftinge2
- Outcome
- aerenchymae0
- Direction
- more developede0
- Comparator
- self-rooted balsam peare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aerenchyma of grafted balsam pear was more developed than that of self-rooted balsam pear”
e1“The petiole of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears formed aerenchyma at 16 days”
e2“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting enhanced waterlogging tolerance of balsam pear by enlarging the pith cavity of stem and petiole.
- Taxon
- balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- tolerance of balsam pear to waterlogging stresse0
- Qualifier
- by enlarging the pith cavity of the stem and petiole of balsam peare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grafting improved the antioxidant and osmotic regulation ability of balsam pear and enhanced the tolerance of balsam pear to waterlogging stress by enlarging the pith cavity of the stem and petiole of balsam pear”
e1“The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · physiology: oxidative · Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
grafting · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.