Abstract
In Morocco, yields of date palms are highly decreased by the pathogen fungi Fusarium oxysporum. To solve this issue, mycorrhizal fungi and biocontrol agents could enhance plant resistance to pathogens. Here, we studied peroxidases in roots and leaves of Phoenix dactylifera in response to inoculation with the fungi Glomus mosseae and Trichoderma harzianum. Date palm plants were harvested 57 weeks after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and biocontrol fungi. We measured the dry biomass, arbuscular colonization, cytochemistry of peroxidase, and peroxidase forms and activities in roots and leaves. Our results show that mycorrhization increased the plant dry biomass by about 57%. The rate of mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 25% to 30%. Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by T. harzianum alone was 1.6 times higher than in control plants. Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by G. mosseae and T. harzianum was about 2 times higher than in control plants. Peroxidase activity in leaves increased by + 419% when plants were inoculated by both fungi. The cytochemical results show an accumulation of structural substances in root cell walls after inoculation with T. harzianum. These structural substances may increase the mechanical strength of the host cell walls in order to inhibit pathogen invasion. Peroxidase activities were found in plant cell walls; the tonoplast and host plasmalemma in the chloroplast; mitochondrial membranes; and intercellular spaces of plants inoculated with G. mosseae and T. harzianum. SDS-PAGE analyses of leaf extracts gave a main band at 54 kDa for all the treatments. The stimulatory effect of Trichoderma on the peroxidase activity is a resistance mechanism of date plants to pathogens. The use of Trichoderma could thus be an alternative to chemicals in crop protection.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhization increased date palm dry biomass by about 57%.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Treatment
- mycorrhizatione0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee1symbiont - Outcome
- plant dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- about 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“mycorrhization increased the plant dry biomass by about 57%”
e1“the fungi Glomus mosseae and Trichoderma harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 25% to 30% in date palms.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- rate of mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Value
- 25% to 30%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“The rate of mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 25% to 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
Root peroxidase activity with T. harzianum alone was 1.6 times that of controls.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum alonee0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Peroxidase activity in rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.6 timese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by T. harzianum alone was 1.6 times higher than in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root peroxidase activity with G. mosseae and T. harzianum was about twice that of controls.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- G. mosseae and T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Peroxidase activity in rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- about 2 timese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“Peroxidase activity in roots colonized by G. mosseae and T. harzianum was about 2 times higher than in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf peroxidase activity increased by 419% following inoculation with both fungi.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- inoculated by both fungie0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Peroxidase activity in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- + 419%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“Peroxidase activity in leaves increased by + 419% when plants were inoculated by both fungi”
e1“the fungi Glomus mosseae and Trichoderma harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum inoculation caused accumulation of structural substances in date palm root cell walls.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- accumulation of structural substances in root cell wallse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“an accumulation of structural substances in root cell walls after inoculation with T. harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest accumulated structural substances may strengthen date palm cell walls and inhibit pathogen invasion.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- mechanical strength of the host cell wallse0
- Qualifier
- inhibit pathogen invasione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“These structural substances may increase the mechanical strength of the host cell walls in order to inhibit pathogen invasion”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activities occurred in several cellular locations of palms inoculated with both fungi.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with G. mosseae and T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Peroxidase activities were found in plant cell walls; the tonoplast and host plasmalemma in the chloroplast; mitochondrial membranes; and intercellular spacese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“Peroxidase activities were found in plant cell walls; the tonoplast and host plasmalemma in the chloroplast; mitochondrial membranes; and intercellular spaces of plants inoculated with G. mosseae and T. harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extracts showed a main 54 kDa band across all treatments.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- main bande0
- Value
- 54 kDae0
- Qualifier
- all the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“SDS-PAGE analyses of leaf extracts gave a main band at 54 kDa for all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Trichoderma stimulation of peroxidase as a date palm resistance mechanism.
- Taxon
- date plantse0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- resistance mechanism of date plants to pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“The stimulatory effect of Trichoderma on the peroxidase activity is a resistance mechanism of date plants to pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Trichoderma as an alternative to chemicals for crop protection.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- alternative to chemicals in crop protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phoenix dactylifera”
e0“The use of Trichoderma could thus be an alternative to chemicals in crop protection”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Funneliformis mosseae · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.