Abstract
It’s been long known that the application of organic fertilizer (OF) and bio-organic fertilizer (BF) which containing beneficial microorganisms to pear trees can both significantly improve fruit quality and yield. In order to reveal the mechanism of BF and OF regulating fruit growth and quality in pear, the effects of BF and OF on the photosynthetic characteristics and the accumulation of major sugars and organic acids of the pear fruit were quantified compared with chemical fertilizer (CF). Additionally, the molecular mechanisms regulating pear fruit development and quality were studied through transcriptome analysis. The three treatments were conducted based on the same amounts of nitrogen supply. The results showed that compared with CF, BF and OF treatments increased the fruit yield, and also significantly improved the photosynthesis efficiency in pear. BF and OF both significantly increased the sucrose content but significantly decreased the fructose and glucose content within the pear fruit. The amount of malic acid was significantly higher in OF treatment. Compared with CF and OF, BF significantly increased the sugar-acid ratio and thus improved the fruit quality. Transcriptome analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the sugar metabolism of fruits applied with the BF was enhanced compared with those applied with CF or OF. More specifically, the expression of SDH (Sorbitol dehydrogenase) was higher in BF, which converts sorbitol into fructose. For both of the OF and BF, the transcript abundance of sugar transporter genes was significantly increased, such as SOT (Sorbitol transporter) , SUT14 (Sugar transport 14) , UDP-GLUT4 (UDP-glucose transporter 4) , UDP-SUT (UDP-sugar transporter), SUC4 (Sucrose transport 4), SUT7 (Sugar transporter 7), SWEET10 and SWEET15 (Bidirectional sugar transporter) , which ensures sugar transportation. The genes involved in organic acid metabolism showed decreased transcripts abundance in both BF and OF treatments, such as VAP (Vesicle-associated protein) and cyACO (Cytosolic aconitase) , which reduce the conversion from succinate to citric acid, and decrease the conversion from citric acid to malic acid in the TCA cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid cycle) through Pept6 (Oligopeptide transporter). In conclusion, the application of BF and OF improved fruit quality by regulating the expression of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related genes and thus altering the sugar acid metabolism. Both BF and OF promote sucrose accumulation and citric acid degradation in fruits, which may be an important reason for improving pear fruit quality. The possible mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer to improve fruit quality was discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer (BF) and organic fertilizer (OF) increased pear fruit yield compared with chemical fertilizer (CF).
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Treatment
- BF and OF treatmentse1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“compared with CF, BF and OF treatments increased the fruit yield, and also significantly improved the photosynthesis efficiency in pear”
Claim · model-written summary
BF and OF significantly improved photosynthesis efficiency in pear compared with CF.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- BF and OF treatmentse1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“compared with CF, BF and OF treatments increased the fruit yield, and also significantly improved the photosynthesis efficiency in pear”
Claim · model-written summary
BF and OF both significantly increased sucrose content in pear fruit.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- pear fruite1
- Treatment
- BF and OFe1
- Outcome
- sucrose contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“BF and OF both significantly increased the sucrose content but significantly decreased the fructose and glucose content within the pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BF and OF both significantly decreased fructose and glucose content in pear fruit.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- pear fruite1
- Treatment
- BF and OFe1
- Outcome
- fructose and glucose contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“BF and OF both significantly increased the sucrose content but significantly decreased the fructose and glucose content within the pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The amount of malic acid was significantly higher in the OF treatment.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- OF treatmente1
- Outcome
- amount of malic acide1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“The amount of malic acid was significantly higher in OF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with CF and OF, BF significantly increased the sugar-acid ratio and thus improved fruit quality.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- BFe1
- Outcome
- sugar-acid ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- CF and OFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“Compared with CF and OF, BF significantly increased the sugar-acid ratio and thus improved the fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar metabolism of fruits given BF was enhanced compared with those given CF or OF.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- BFe1
- Outcome
- sugar metabolisme1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- CF or OFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“the sugar metabolism of fruits applied with the BF was enhanced compared with those applied with CF or OF”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase) was higher in BF.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- BFe1
- Gene
- SDH (Sorbitol dehydrogenase)e1
- Outcome
- expression of SDHe1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“the expression of SDH (Sorbitol dehydrogenase) was higher in BF”
Claim · model-written summary
For both OF and BF, transcript abundance of sugar transporter genes was significantly increased.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- OF and BFe1
- Gene
- sugar transporter genese1
- Outcome
- transcript abundancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“For both of the OF and BF, the transcript abundance of sugar transporter genes was significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes involved in organic acid metabolism showed decreased transcript abundance in both BF and OF treatments.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- both BF and OF treatmentse1
- Gene
- genes involved in organic acid metabolisme1
- Outcome
- transcripts abundancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“The genes involved in organic acid metabolism showed decreased transcripts abundance in both BF and OF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of BF and OF improved fruit quality by regulating expression of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related genes and thereby altering sugar-acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- application of BF and OFe1
- Gene
- sugar and organic acid metabolism-related genese1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“the application of BF and OF improved fruit quality by regulating the expression of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related genes and thus altering the sugar acid metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
BF and OF promote sucrose accumulation and citric acid degradation in fruits, which may be an important reason for the improved pear fruit quality.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- BF and OFe1
- Compound
- sucrosee1
- Outcome
- improving pear fruit qualitye1
- Qualifier
- citric acid degradatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pear fruit quality”
e1“Both BF and OF promote sucrose accumulation and citric acid degradation in fruits, which may be an important reason for improving pear fruit quality”
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