Abstract
Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (yellow passion fruit) is a high-value tropical crop explored for both fruit and nutraceutical markets. As the fruit production in the US rises, the crop must be investigated for the effects of salinity under semi-arid climates. We assessed the effects of irrigation-water salinity, leaf age, and drying method on leaf antioxidant capacity (LAC) and plant genetic responses. Plants were grown in outdoor lysimeter tanks for three years, with waters of electrical conductivities of 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 dS m−1. Both Na and Cl significantly increased with salinity; leaf biomass at 3.0 and 6.0 dS m−1 were similar but reduced significantly at 12.0 dS m−1. Salinity had no effect on LAC, but new leaves had the highest LAC compared to older leaves. Low-temperature oven-dried (LTO) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves had the same LAC. The analyses of twelve transporter genes, six involved in Na+ transport and six in Cl− transport, showed higher expressions in roots than in leaves, indicating a critical role of roots in ion transport and the control of leaf salt concentration. Passion fruit’s moderate tolerance to salinity and its high leaf antioxidant capacity make it a potential new fruit crop for California, as well as a rich source of flavonoids for the nutraceutical market. Low-temperature oven drying is a potential alternative to lyophilization in preparation for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) analysis of passion fruit leaves.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Na and Cl increased significantly with irrigation-water salinity.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulis
Passiflora edulist0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na and Cle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Na and Cl significantly increased with salinity”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf biomass at 3.0 and 6.0 dS m-1 was similar.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- 3.0 and 6.0 dS m−1e0
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf biomass at 3.0 and 6.0 dS m−1 were similar but reduced significantly at 12.0 dS m−1”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf biomass was significantly reduced at 12.0 dS m-1 compared with 3.0 and 6.0 dS m-1.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- 12.0 dS m−1e0
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 3.0 and 6.0 dS m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf biomass at 3.0 and 6.0 dS m−1 were similar but reduced significantly at 12.0 dS m−1”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity had no effect on leaf antioxidant capacity (LAC).
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- LACe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had no effect on LAC”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
New leaves had the highest leaf antioxidant capacity compared with older leaves.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Organ / stage
- new leavese0
- Outcome
- LACe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- older leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“new leaves had the highest LAC compared to older leaves”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature oven-dried and freeze-dried leaves had the same leaf antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- Low-temperature oven-dried (LTO)e0
- Outcome
- LACe0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- freeze-dried (FD)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-temperature oven-dried (LTO) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves had the same LAC”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve Na+ and Cl- transporter genes showed higher expression in roots than in leaves.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Gene
- twelve transporter genese0
- Outcome
- expressionse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“twelve transporter genes”
e1“showed higher expressions in roots than in leaves”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the higher root expression as indicating a critical role of roots in ion transport and control of leaf salt concentration.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- leaf salt concentratione0
- Qualifier
- ion transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating a critical role of roots in ion transport and the control of leaf salt concentration”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that passion fruit, given its moderate salinity tolerance and high leaf antioxidant capacity, is a potential new fruit crop for California.
- Taxon
- Passiflora edulisPassiflora edulist0
- Outcome
- potential new fruit crop for Californiae0
- Setting
- Californiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“make it a potential new fruit crop for California”
t0“Passiflora edulis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that low-temperature oven drying is a potential alternative to lyophilization for ORAC analysis of passion fruit leaves.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Treatment
- Low-temperature oven dryinge0
- Outcome
- potential alternative to lyophilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-temperature oven drying is a potential alternative to lyophilization in preparation for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) analysis of passion fruit leaves”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Passiflora edulis (passion fruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.