Abstract
Salinity is one of the major plant abiotic stresses increasing over time worldwide. The most important biological role of nitric oxide (NO) in plants is related to their development and growth under abiotic conditions. The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of salt stress (0 and 100 mM) and NO (0 and 80 μM) on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK. The different growth attributes, biochemical and physiological parameters, and the mineral contents were examined. The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na + content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress. In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na + . The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na + . The response of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and K + , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ions varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions. The PTWG-PK ecotype showed maximum overall growth response with the application of NO. Henceforth, it is proposed that the molecular mechanisms associated with NO-induced stress tolerance in plants may be exploited to attain sustainability in agriculture under changing climate scenarios.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, relative membrane permeability and malondialdehyde in both ecotypes.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa
Brassica rapae0 - Material
- PTWG-PK and PTWG-HLe1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e1“The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na + content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased Na+ content in both ecotypes.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Material
- PTWG-PK and PTWG-HLe1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Na + contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e1“The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na + content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Material
- PTWG-PK and PTWG-HLe1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- plant biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e1“The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na + content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content and total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente2
- Outcome
- plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteinse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e2“In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment decreased hydrogen peroxide, relative membrane permeability and MDA.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente2
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDAe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e2“In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment decreased total phenolic content, catalase and peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente2
- Outcome
- total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e2“In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment decreased ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente2
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e2“In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
NO treatment decreased Na+ content.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente2
- Outcome
- Na +e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e2“In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt stress and NO application increased chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content and total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- salt stress and NO applicatione3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteinse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e3“The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt stress and NO application decreased hydrogen peroxide, relative membrane permeability and MDA.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- salt stress and NO applicatione3
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDAe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e3“The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt stress and NO application decreased Na+ content.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- salt stress and NO applicatione3
- Outcome
- Na +e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e3“The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H 2 O 2 , relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoids and anthocyanins varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- all treatment conditionse4
- Outcome
- carotenoids, anthocyaninse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e4“The response of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and K + , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ions varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
K+, Ca2+ and Cl- ion contents varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Treatment
- all treatment conditionse4
- Outcome
- K + , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e4“The response of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and K + , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ions varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The PTWG-PK ecotype showed the maximum overall growth response to nitric oxide application.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Material
- PTWG-PK ecotypee5
- Treatment
- application of NOe5
- Outcome
- maximum overall growth responsee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e5“The PTWG-PK ecotype showed maximum overall growth response with the application of NO”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular mechanisms of NO-induced stress tolerance may be exploited to attain sustainability in agriculture under changing climate.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae0
- Outcome
- molecular mechanisms associated with NO-induced stress tolerance in plants may be exploitede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK”
e6“it is proposed that the molecular mechanisms associated with NO-induced stress tolerance in plants may be exploited to attain sustainability in agriculture under changing climate scenarios”
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