Abstract
This study aimed to examine the reaction of several wheat species with different ploidy levels to foliar application of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) under different water regimes. Thirty-five wheat genotypes, including nineteen tetraploids from ten different species, ten hexaploids from five species, and six diploids from three species, were evaluated in the field over two moisture regimes with the following four treatments: control, foliar Zn application, foliar Fe application, and foliar Zn + Fe application. The experiments were conducted according to a split-plot scheme in a randomized complete block design with two replications in each moisture regime. Water stress negatively affected all measured traits, except grain Zn and Fe content. Combined foliar application of Zn + Fe significantly increased yield and alleviated yield reduction caused by water stress. Applying Zn and Fe significantly increased both micronutrient content in grains under both moisture conditions. Tetra and hexaploid species yielded nearly four times as much grain as unimproved diploid species and were less affected by water stress. All ploidy levels responded almost similarly to Zn and Fe treatments, with the combined application being as effective as each element separately. The highest yield increase in response to combined application of Zn + Fe under the two moisture conditions and the highest grain Zn content in response to Zn application under water stress was observed in hexaploid wheat. Combined foliar application of Zn and Fe increases grain Zn and Fe and alleviates water stress's adverse effects on all wheat ploidy levels, making biofortification cost-effective.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced measured wheat traits except grain zinc and iron.
- Taxon
- wheat species
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- all measured traitse0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- except grain Zn and Fe contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress negatively affected all measured traits, except grain Zn and Fe content.”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc and iron spray significantly increased yield and alleviated water-stress yield loss.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn + Fee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar application of Zn + Fe significantly increased yield and alleviated yield reduction caused by water stress.”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc and iron application increased grain micronutrient content under both water regimes.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Applying Zn and Fee0
- Outcome
- micronutrient content in grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both moisture conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying Zn and Fe significantly increased both micronutrient content in grains under both moisture conditions.”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid wheat yielded nearly four times as much as unimproved diploids.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Tetrae0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- nearly four times as muche0
- Value
- nearly four timese0
- Comparator
- unimproved diploid speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tetra and hexaploid species yielded nearly four times as much grain as unimproved diploid species”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaploid wheat yielded nearly four times as much as unimproved diploids.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- hexaploid speciese0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- nearly four times as muche0
- Value
- nearly four timese0
- Comparator
- unimproved diploid speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tetra and hexaploid species yielded nearly four times as much grain as unimproved diploid species”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were less affected by water stress than diploids.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Tetra and hexaploid speciese0
- Outcome
- affected by water stresse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- unimproved diploid speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tetra and hexaploid species yielded nearly four times as much grain as unimproved diploid species and were less affected by water stress.”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
All ploidy levels responded similarly to zinc and iron treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- All ploidy levelse0
- Treatment
- Zn and Fe treatmentse0
- Outcome
- responded almost similarlye0
- Direction
- similarlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All ploidy levels responded almost similarly to Zn and Fe treatments”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined spray was as effective as single-element sprays.
- Taxon
- wheat speciesTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined applicatione0
- Outcome
- as effectivee0
- Direction
- as effectivee0
- Comparator
- each element separatelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application being as effective as each element separately”
e1“wheat species”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaploid wheat had the highest yield increase from combined spray under both moisture conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- hexaploid wheate0
- Treatment
- combined application of Zn + Fee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- two moisture conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield increase in response to combined application of Zn + Fe under the two moisture conditions and the highest grain Zn content in response to Zn application under water stress was observed in hexaploid wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaploid wheat had the highest grain zinc content after zinc spray under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- hexaploid wheate0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain Zn contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- under water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain Zn content in response to Zn application under water stress was observed in hexaploid wheat.”
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