Abstract
The prevalent use of foliar calcium fertilizers in peanut production is inorganic, but calcium absorbed from the foliar has poor availability. Sorbitol-chelated calcium is a novel organic foliar calcium fertilizer that has rarely been studied for application in peanut production. To explore whether calcium absorption and peanut yields can be affected by foliar application of sorbitol-chelated calcium, this study conducted two field experiments using Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021. The five spray treatments included: deionized water (CK), sorbitol (Sor), calcium nitrate (CaN), a mixture of sorbitol and calcium nitrate (SN), and sorbitol-chelated calcium (SC). The yield of peanuts treated with sorbitol-chelated calcium was increased by 12.31-16.63%, 10.22-11.83%, 6.31-9.69%, and 4.18-6.99% compared to the CK, Sor, CaN, and SN treatments, respectively. Sorbitol-chelated calcium had the lowest contact angle due to the wetting effect of sorbitol, which promoted calcium absorption by leaves. Sorbitol-chelated calcium improved the leaf calcium concentration by 13.12-19.32% and kernel calcium concentration by 6.49-8.15% compared to the CK treatment. Foliar fertilization increased the calcium concentration of each subcellular fraction of leaves and changed the distribution of calcium in mesophyll cells. This change was directly observed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, spraying sorbitol alone obtained similar effects to spraying calcium nitrate alone, indicating that the benefits of sorbitol itself were not negligible. The results of the principal component and correlation analysis showed that the increase in calcium concentrations and the change in calcium distribution improved the pod traits of the peanut, thus affecting the peanut yield. The above results showed that from the perspective of calcium absorption and distribution, sorbitol-chelated calcium is a more effective foliar calcium fortifier for peanuts and effectively improves peanut yields.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of peanuts sprayed with sorbitol-chelated calcium was 12.31-16.63% higher than the deionized water control.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Material
- Huayu-22e0
- Treatment
- sorbitol-chelated calciume1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12.31-16.63%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e1“The yield of peanuts treated with sorbitol-chelated calcium was increased by 12.31-16.63%, 10.22-11.83%, 6.31-9.69%, and 4.18-6.99% compared to the CK, Sor, CaN, and SN treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of peanuts sprayed with sorbitol-chelated calcium was 10.22-11.83% higher than with sorbitol alone.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Huayu-22e0
- Treatment
- sorbitol-chelated calciume1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10.22-11.83%e1
- Comparator
- Sore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e1“The yield of peanuts treated with sorbitol-chelated calcium was increased by 12.31-16.63%, 10.22-11.83%, 6.31-9.69%, and 4.18-6.99% compared to the CK, Sor, CaN, and SN treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of peanuts sprayed with sorbitol-chelated calcium was 6.31-9.69% higher than with calcium nitrate alone.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Huayu-22e0
- Treatment
- sorbitol-chelated calciume1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6.31-9.69%e1
- Comparator
- CaNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e1“The yield of peanuts treated with sorbitol-chelated calcium was increased by 12.31-16.63%, 10.22-11.83%, 6.31-9.69%, and 4.18-6.99% compared to the CK, Sor, CaN, and SN treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of peanuts sprayed with sorbitol-chelated calcium was 4.18-6.99% higher than with a sorbitol and calcium nitrate mixture.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Huayu-22e0
- Treatment
- sorbitol-chelated calciume1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 4.18-6.99%e1
- Comparator
- SNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e1“The yield of peanuts treated with sorbitol-chelated calcium was increased by 12.31-16.63%, 10.22-11.83%, 6.31-9.69%, and 4.18-6.99% compared to the CK, Sor, CaN, and SN treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbitol-chelated calcium had the lowest leaf contact angle among the spray treatments.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Sorbitol-chelated calciume2
- Outcome
- contact anglee2
- Direction
- loweste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e2“Sorbitol-chelated calcium had the lowest contact angle due to the wetting effect of sorbitol, which promoted calcium absorption by leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The wetting effect of sorbitol is proposed to promote calcium absorption by peanut leaves.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Compound
- sorbitole2
- Outcome
- calcium absorption by leavese2
- Qualifier
- due to the wetting effect of sorbitole2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e2“Sorbitol-chelated calcium had the lowest contact angle due to the wetting effect of sorbitol, which promoted calcium absorption by leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbitol-chelated calcium improved leaf calcium concentration by 13.12-19.32% compared with the CK treatment.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- Sorbitol-chelated calciume3
- Outcome
- leaf calcium concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 13.12-19.32%e3
- Comparator
- CK treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e3“Sorbitol-chelated calcium improved the leaf calcium concentration by 13.12-19.32% and kernel calcium concentration by 6.49-8.15% compared to the CK treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbitol-chelated calcium improved kernel calcium concentration by 6.49-8.15% compared with the CK treatment.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- kernele3
- Treatment
- Sorbitol-chelated calciume3
- Outcome
- kernel calcium concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 6.49-8.15%e3
- Comparator
- CK treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e3“Sorbitol-chelated calcium improved the leaf calcium concentration by 13.12-19.32% and kernel calcium concentration by 6.49-8.15% compared to the CK treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization increased calcium concentration in each subcellular fraction of peanut leaves.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- subcellular fraction of leavese4
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- calcium concentratione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e4“Foliar fertilization increased the calcium concentration of each subcellular fraction of leaves and changed the distribution of calcium in mesophyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization changed the distribution of calcium in peanut mesophyll cells, directly observed by transmission electron microscopy.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll cellse4
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- distribution of calciume4
- Direction
- changede4
- Qualifier
- directly observed by transmission electron microscopye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e4“Foliar fertilization increased the calcium concentration of each subcellular fraction of leaves and changed the distribution of calcium in mesophyll cells”
e5“This change was directly observed by transmission electron microscopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying sorbitol alone gave similar effects to spraying calcium nitrate alone, suggesting sorbitol itself has non-negligible benefits.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- spraying sorbitol alonee6
- Outcome
- effectse6
- Direction
- similare6
- Qualifier
- the benefits of sorbitol itself were not negligiblee6
- Comparator
- calcium nitrate alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virginia peanut (Huayu-22) in 2020 and 2021”
e6“spraying sorbitol alone obtained similar effects to spraying calcium nitrate alone, indicating that the benefits of sorbitol itself were not negligible”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased leaf calcium concentration and changed calcium distribution were associated with improved peanut pod traits, thus affecting peanut yield.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae7
- Compound
- calciume7
- Outcome
- pod traitse7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Qualifier
- thus affecting the peanut yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the increase in calcium concentrations and the change in calcium distribution improved the pod traits of the peanut, thus affecting the peanut yield”
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