Abstract
Introduction: L.) is a popular fruit with an abundance of anthocyanins in its leaves and fruits. Light is one of the pivotal environmental elements that affects plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism between light quality and anthocyanin formation is poorly understood. Methods: An integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed to investigate the effects of white (control), blue (B), red (R), and red/blue (60R/40B) light on blueberry growth and reveal the potential pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry leaves. Results: The anthocyanin content was significantly improved by the blue and red/blue light when compared with white light, whereas there was a significant reduction in the photosynthesis under the blue light, showing an inverse trend to that of anthocyanin accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis resulted in the assembly of 134,709 unigenes. Of these, 22 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that participate in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, with the majority being significantly up-regulated under the blue light. Most of the photosynthesis-related genes that were down-regulated were expressed during anthocyanin accumulation. Targeted metabolome profiling identified 44 metabolites associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. The contents of most of these metabolites were higher under blue light than the other light conditions, which was consistent with the transcriptome results. The integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested that, under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively. The expression levels of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMT, as well as the accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt), were significantly increased by the red/blue light. Discussion: The blue and red/blue lights promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via inducing the expression of key structural genes and accumulation of metabolites involved in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Moreover, there was a possible feedback regulating correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesis under different light qualities in blueberry leaves. This study would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis of V. corymbosum.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light significantly increased anthocyanin content relative to white light.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Treatment
- bluee0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anthocyanin content was significantly improved by the blue and red/blue light when compared with white light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red/blue light significantly increased anthocyanin content relative to white light.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- red/blue lighte0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anthocyanin content was significantly improved by the blue and red/blue light when compared with white light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light significantly reduced photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant reduction in the photosynthesis under the blue light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome assembly yielded 134,709 unigenes.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- assembly of 134,709 unigenese0
- Value
- 134,709 unigenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis resulted in the assembly of 134,709 unigenes”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-two genes in the anthocyanin pathway were differentially expressed.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 22e0
- Qualifier
- anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“22 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that participate in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most anthocyanin pathway genes were significantly upregulated under blue light.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- majoritye0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority being significantly up-regulated under the blue light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most downregulated photosynthesis genes were expressed during anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis-related genes that were down-regulatede0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the photosynthesis-related genes that were down-regulated were expressed during anthocyanin accumulation”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeted profiling identified 44 anthocyanin-associated metabolites.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- metabolites associated with anthocyanin biosynthesise0
- Value
- 44 metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Targeted metabolome profiling identified 44 metabolites associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most anthocyanin metabolites were higher under blue light than other conditions.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- contents of most of these metabolitese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the other light conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of most of these metabolites were higher under blue light than the other light conditions”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LDOX under blue light was implicated in cyanidin synthesis.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Gene
- leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX)e0
- Outcome
- synthesis of cyanidin (Cy)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
OMT under blue light was implicated in malvidin synthesis.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Gene
- O-methyltransferase (OMT)e0
- Outcome
- synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
UFGT under blue light was implicated in pelargonidin synthesis.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Gene
- UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT)e0
- Outcome
- pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red/blue light significantly increased DFR and OMT expression.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- red/blue lighte0
- Gene
- dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMTe0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMT, as well as the accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt), were significantly increased by the red/blue light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red/blue light significantly increased delphinidin, peonidin and petunidin accumulation.
- Taxon
- blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Vaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- red/blue lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMT, as well as the accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt), were significantly increased by the red/blue light”
t0“blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesis may have a feedback correlation under different light qualities.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- different light qualitiese0
- Outcome
- possible feedback regulating correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“there was a possible feedback regulating correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesis under different light qualities in blueberry leaves”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: phytochemicals · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
light · physiology: photosynthesis · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.