Abstract
Plant salt tolerance is controlled by various physiological processes such as water and ion homeostasis, photosynthesis, and cellular redox balance, which are in turn controlled by gene expression. In the present study, plants of six canola cultivars (DGL, Dunkled, Faisal Canola, Cyclone, Legend, and Oscar) were evaluated for salt tolerance by subjecting them to 0 or 200 mM NaCl stress. Based on growth, cultivars DGL, Dunkled, and Faisal Canola were ranked as salt tolerant, while cultivars Cyclone, Legend, and Oscar were ranked as salt-sensitive ones. Differential salt tolerance in these canola cultivars was found to be associated with a relatively lower accumulation of Na+ and greater accumulation of K+ in the leaves, lower oxidative damage (MDA), and better antioxidative defense system (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD, and catalase, CAT). Cultivar Oscar was the poorest to discriminate Na+ and K+ uptake and accumulation in leaves and had poor antioxidant potential to scavenge ROS. Salt stress did not affect the structural stability of photosystem-II (PSII) till three weeks, thereafter it caused a significant decrease. Salt stress increased the performance index (PIABS) by increasing the density of active reaction centers in Oscar. Salt stress decreased the antenna size thereby lowering the absorption and trapping energy flux, and maintaining the electron transport with an increase in heat dissipation. This may represent a potential mechanism to cope with salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of salt-sensitive cultivar Oscar further revealed that salt stress down-regulated DEGs related to hormonal signal transduction pathways, photosynthesis, and transcription factors, while DEGs related to the biosynthesis of amino acid and ion transport were up-regulated. In conclusion, salt tolerance in canola cultivars was associated with ion exclusion and maintenance of photosynthesis. Salt stress sensitivity in cultivar Oscar was mainly associated with poor control of ion homeostasis which caused oxidative stress and reduced photosynthetic efficiency.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
DGL, Dunkled and Faisal Canola ranked salt tolerant.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Material
- DGL, Dunkled, and Faisal Canolae0
- Outcome
- salt tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cultivars DGL, Dunkled, and Faisal Canola were ranked as salt tolerant”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclone, Legend and Oscar ranked salt sensitive.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Cyclone, Legend, and Oscare0
- Outcome
- salt-sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivars Cyclone, Legend, and Oscar were ranked as salt-sensitive ones”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance was associated with lower leaf Na+ accumulation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- canola cultivarse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Na+e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differential salt tolerance in these canola cultivars was found to be associated with a relatively lower accumulation of Na+”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance was associated with greater leaf K+ accumulation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- canola cultivarse1
- Outcome
- accumulation of K+e0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater accumulation of K+ in the leaves”
e1“Differential salt tolerance in these canola cultivars was found to be associated with a relatively lower accumulation of Na+ and greater accumulation of K+ in the leaves”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance was associated with lower oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- canola cultivarse1
- Outcome
- oxidative damage (MDA)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower oxidative damage (MDA)”
e1“Differential salt tolerance in these canola cultivars was found to be associated with a relatively lower accumulation of Na+ and greater accumulation of K+ in the leaves, lower oxidative damage (MDA)”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance was associated with better antioxidant defenses.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Gene
- Superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD, and catalase, CATe0
- Outcome
- antioxidative defense systeme0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better antioxidative defense system (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD, and catalase, CAT)”
e1“Differential salt tolerance in these canola cultivars was found to be associated with”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Oscar poorly discriminated Na+ and K+ uptake and accumulation in leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare0
- Outcome
- Na+ and K+ uptake and accumulation in leavese0
- Direction
- pooreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Oscar was the poorest to discriminate Na+ and K+ uptake and accumulation in leaves”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Oscar had poor antioxidant potential to scavenge ROS.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare0
- Outcome
- antioxidant potential to scavenge ROSe0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oscar was the poorest to discriminate Na+ and K+ uptake and accumulation in leaves and had poor antioxidant potential to scavenge ROS”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced PSII structural stability after three weeks, but not before.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- structural stability of photosystem-II (PSII)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- thereaftere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress did not affect the structural stability of photosystem-II (PSII) till three weeks, thereafter it caused a significant decrease”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased the performance index in Oscar.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- performance index (PIABS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress increased the performance index (PIABS) by increasing the density of active reaction centers in Oscar”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased active reaction center density in Oscar.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- density of active reaction centerse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress increased the performance index (PIABS) by increasing the density of active reaction centers in Oscar”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased antenna size.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- antenna sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased the antenna size thereby lowering the absorption and trapping energy flux, and maintaining the electron transport with an increase in heat dissipation”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress lowered absorption and trapping energy flux.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- absorption and trapping energy fluxe0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased the antenna size thereby lowering the absorption and trapping energy flux”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress maintained electron transport.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- electron transporte0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased the antenna size thereby lowering the absorption and trapping energy flux, and maintaining the electron transport with an increase in heat dissipation”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased heat dissipation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- heat dissipatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased the antenna size thereby lowering the absorption and trapping energy flux, and maintaining the electron transport with an increase in heat dissipation”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress downregulated hormone signaling, photosynthesis and transcription-factor DEGs in Oscar.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare1
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- DEGs related to hormonal signal transduction pathways, photosynthesis, and transcription factorse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress down-regulated DEGs related to hormonal signal transduction pathways, photosynthesis, and transcription factors”
e1“salt-sensitive cultivar Oscar”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress upregulated amino-acid-biosynthesis and ion-transport DEGs in Oscar.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare2
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- DEGs related to the biosynthesis of amino acid and ion transporte0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs related to the biosynthesis of amino acid and ion transport were up-regulated”
e1“salt stress down-regulated DEGs related to hormonal signal transduction pathways, photosynthesis, and transcription factors, while DEGs related to the biosynthesis of amino acid and ion transport were up-regulated”
e2“salt-sensitive cultivar Oscar”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors associated Oscar salt sensitivity with poor ion homeostasis, oxidative stress and reduced photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Oscare0
- Outcome
- reduced photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- poor control of ion homeostasis which caused oxidative stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress sensitivity in cultivar Oscar was mainly associated with poor control of ion homeostasis which caused oxidative stress and reduced photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“canola”
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