Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop is one of the most valuable crops, and further boost in wheat yields is essential to meet the food demand of the emerging world population. It is therefore necessary to know the influence of future climate change on wheat yields. Present investigation was conducted in temperature gradient tunnel (TGTs) to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature, CO2 concentration,weed and their interactions on grain, biological yield and other yield attributes (number of spikes/m2, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight, harvest index) of wheat. Wheat crop was grown in TGT at three different temperature levels, i.e. T1 ambient, T2 ambient+1.5°C, T3 ambient+3°C and two levels of carbon dioxide, i.e. ambient (ACO2) 400 ppm and elevated (ECO2) 550±50 ppm with and without weed interaction.The study revealed that yield and yield attributes of subsequent wheat crop increased due to ECO2. Mean individual effect of ECO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 14% and biological yield by 12% compared to ACO2. On the contrary, the yield was decreased with elevated temperature where a decrease in the grain yield from ˗12% to ˗20% and biological yield from ˗11% to ˗18% was observed at 1.5°C and 3°C, respectively. Similarly the interaction of weeds in wheat crop, reduced the grain yield by 8% and biological yield of wheat by 6%, irrespective of CO2 and temperature levels.The statistical analysis (P<0.05) revealed significant effect of the interactions (C×T, C×W, W×T, and C×T×W) on yield. Overall results the study proposal to adapt an effective weeds management strategy to controlled conditions of yield of wheat crop under the controlled conditions of CO2 and temperature.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat grain yield by 14%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ECO2e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- ACO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean individual effect of ECO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 14% and biological yield by 12% compared to ACO2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat biological yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ECO2e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- ACO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean individual effect of ECO2 increased grain yield of wheat by 14% and biological yield by 12% compared to ACO2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased grain yield by Ë—12% to Ë—20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- Ë—12% to Ë—20%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.5°C and 3°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield was decreased with elevated temperature where a decrease in the grain yield from ˗12% to ˗20% and biological yield from ˗11% to ˗18% was observed at 1.5°C and 3°C, respectively.”
e1“yield attributes (number of spikes/m2, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight, harvest index) of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased biological yield by Ë—11% to Ë—18%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- Ë—11% to Ë—18%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.5°C and 3°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield was decreased with elevated temperature where a decrease in the grain yield from ˗12% to ˗20% and biological yield from ˗11% to ˗18% was observed at 1.5°C and 3°C, respectively.”
e1“yield attributes (number of spikes/m2, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight, harvest index) of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interaction reduced wheat grain yield by 8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- interaction of weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction of weeds in wheat crop, reduced the grain yield by 8% and biological yield of wheat by 6%, irrespective of CO2 and temperature levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interaction reduced wheat biological yield by 6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- interaction of weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction of weeds in wheat crop, reduced the grain yield by 8% and biological yield of wheat by 6%, irrespective of CO2 and temperature levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2, temperature and weed interactions significantly affected yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- interactions (C×T, C×W, W×T, and C×T×W)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The statistical analysis (P<0.05) revealed significant effect of the interactions (C×T, C×W, W×T, and C×T×W) on yield.”
e1“yield attributes (number of spikes/m2, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight, harvest index) of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed effective weed management for wheat under controlled CO2 and temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- adapt an effective weeds management strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the study proposal to adapt an effective weeds management strategy to controlled conditions of yield of wheat crop under the controlled conditions of CO2 and temperature.”
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