Abstract
The use of chemical inputs in agriculture has a negative influence on the environment. Application of chemical fertilizers (F) can be reduced by using bio-fertilizers like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and Rhizobium (R). Chick pea was co-inoculated and grown in the greenhouse and in the field to investigate their effect on growth and yield. All assessed plant growth parameters were found to be highest in plants treated with AMF and Rhizobium after three months of growth. Plants treated with R+AMF+F had greater average shoot length, stem girth, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, branch per plant, and number of pods than those treated with R+M. However, R+M had a higher number of nodules than R+AMF+F in the greenhouse, and for co-inoculation in the field, indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control. Furthermore, root colonization ranged from 63.72.9% to 85.08.1% for all AMF infected treatments. In the green house, the maximum spore density (560.017.3 spore/50g dry soil) was recorded for solitary mycorrhiza inoculated chickpea. As a result, it is determined that dual inoculation of the pulse with AMF and Rhizobium, both with and without NPK treatment, increased growth and production. This suggests that smallholder farmers may be able to use bio-inoculants to boost chickpea output.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AMF and Rhizobium treated chickpea had the highest assessed growth parameters after three months.
- Taxon
- Chick pea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- AMF and Rhizobiume0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after three months of growthe0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All assessed plant growth parameters were found to be highest in plants treated with AMF and Rhizobium after three months of growth.”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
R+AMF+F produced greater shoot length, stem girth and shoot dry weight than R+M.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- R+AMF+Fe0
- Outcome
- shoot length, stem girth, shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- R+Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with R+AMF+F had greater average shoot length, stem girth, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, branch per plant, and number of pods than those treated with R+M.”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
R+AMF+F produced greater root dry weight, shoot fresh weight and branch number than R+M.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- R+AMF+Fe0
- Outcome
- root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, branch per plante0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- R+Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with R+AMF+F had greater average shoot length, stem girth, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, branch per plant, and number of pods than those treated with R+M.”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
R+AMF+F produced more pods than R+M.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- R+AMF+Fe0
- Outcome
- number of podse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- R+Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with R+AMF+F had greater average shoot length, stem girth, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, branch per plant, and number of pods than those treated with R+M.”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
R+M had more nodules than R+AMF+F in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- R+Me0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- R+AMF+Fe0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R+M had a higher number of nodules than R+AMF+F in the greenhouse”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
Field co-inoculation with indigenous rhizobium and AMF plus fertilizer gave the highest shoot length, 82.02.3.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer applicatione0
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 82.02.3e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
The same field treatment gave the highest pod number, 75.02.6.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- number of podse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 75.02.6e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
The same field treatment gave the highest dry weight, 109.511.2.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 109.511.2e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
The same field treatment gave the highest 100 seed weight, 14.20.2.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- 100 seed weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.20.2e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
The same field treatment gave the highest husk weight, 12.060.2.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- husk weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12.060.2e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indigenous rhizobium and AMF with fertilizer application had the highest shoot length (82.02.3), number of pods (75.02.6), dry weight (109.511.2), 100 seed weight (14.20.2), and husk weight (12.060.2) when compared to the control”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization ranged from 63.72.9% to 85.08.1% across AMF infected treatments.
- Taxon
- Chick peaCicer arietinume1
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Value
- 63.72.9% to 85.08.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root colonization ranged from 63.72.9% to 85.08.1% for all AMF infected treatments”
e1“Chick pea was co-inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
Solitary mycorrhiza inoculation produced the maximum spore density of 560.017.3 spore/50g dry soil in greenhouse chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- solitary mycorrhiza inoculatede0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Outcome
- spore densitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 560.017.3 spore/50g dry soile0
- Setting
- green housee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the green house, the maximum spore density (560.017.3 spore/50g dry soil) was recorded for solitary mycorrhiza inoculated chickpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest bio-inoculants for smallholder farmers to boost chickpea output.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- use bio-inoculants to boost chickpea outpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“smallholder farmers may be able to use bio-inoculants to boost chickpea output”
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