Abstract
The occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) mycotoxins in wheat grains is a major threat to global food safety and security. Humans and animals are continuously being exposed to Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON through the ingestion of contaminated food or grain-based diet. In this study, a host-specific mycoparasite biocontrol agent (BCA), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grains from Fusarium graminearum 3ADON chemotype infected plants in greenhouse. Four genotypes of wheat, two common wheat and two durum wheat cultivars with varying FHB resistance levels were used in this study. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using Illumina ITS sequences depicted beta diversity changes in Fusarium species indicating that both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains. Fusarium graminearum complex (cluster A), F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins based on LC-MS/MS analyses. The predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON. The BCA reduced the occurrence of DON in grains of all four cultivars (common wheat: 1000–30,000 µg·kg−1.; durum wheat: 600–1000 µg·kg−1) to levels below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 16 µg·kg−1. A relatively higher concentration of DON was detected in the two common wheat genotypes when compared to the durum wheat genotype; however, the percentage reduction in the wheat genotypes was greater, reaching up to 99% with some S. mycoparasitica treatments. Similarly, a higher reduction in DON was measured in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. This study’s findings underscore the potential of a Fusarium-specific S. mycoparasitica BCA as a safe and promising alternative that can be used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxins in cereal grain, food and feed intended for human and animal consumption.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sphaerodes mycoparasitica significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grain from infected plants.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Sphaerodes mycoparasiticae0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Sphaerodes mycoparasiticaSphaerodes mycoparasiticae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- FHB mycotoxin occurrencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grains from Fusarium graminearum 3ADON chemotype infected plants in greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar influenced Fusarium species structure and grain mycotoxin occurrence.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grainse0
FusariumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol treatment influenced Fusarium species structure and grain mycotoxin occurrence.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Treatment
- BCA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grainse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium graminearum complex variants were associated with distinct FHB mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum complexFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- different FHB mycotoxinse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium graminearum complex (cluster A), F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum variants were associated with distinct FHB mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. avenaceum
Fusarium avenaceume0pathogen - Second interactor
- F. acuminatum
Fusarium acuminatume0pathogen - Outcome
- different FHB mycotoxinse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. proliferatum variants were associated with distinct FHB mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. proliferatumFusarium proliferatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- different FHB mycotoxinse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON, 3ADON, and 15ADON predominated among measured FHB mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADONe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol reduced grain DON in all four cultivars below the 16 µg·kg−1 quantification limit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- all four cultivarse0
- Treatment
- BCAe0
- Outcome
- occurrence of DON in grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16 µg·kg−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BCA reduced the occurrence of DON in grains of all four cultivars (common wheat: 1000–30,000 µg·kg−1.; durum wheat: 600–1000 µg·kg−1) to levels below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 16 µg·kg−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
DON concentrations were relatively higher in common than durum wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- two common wheat genotypese0
- Outcome
- concentration of DONe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- durum wheat genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A relatively higher concentration of DON was detected in the two common wheat genotypes when compared to the durum wheat genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Some S. mycoparasitica treatments reached up to 99% DON reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- S. mycoparasitica treatmentse0
- Interactor
- S. mycoparasiticaSphaerodes mycoparasiticae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- up to 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage reduction in the wheat genotypes was greater, reaching up to 99% with some S. mycoparasitica treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
DON reduction was higher in susceptible than resistant genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible genotypese0
- Outcome
- reduction in DONe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- resistant genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher reduction in DON was measured in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest S. mycoparasitica as a complementary management option for minimizing FHB mycotoxins.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- S. mycoparasiticaSphaerodes mycoparasiticae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. mycoparasitica BCA as a safe and promising alternative that can be used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxins in cereal grain”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.