Abstract
Introduction Maize is a major staple cereal crop grown and consumed globally. However, due to climate change, extreme heat and drought stresses are greatly affecting its production especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of a bio-based approach to mitigate drought stress is therefore suggested using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Methods This study investigated the abilities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing PGPR Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4, Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 and Bacillus sp. MRBP10 isolated from maize rhizosphere soil, to ameliorate the effect of drought stress in maize genotypes MR44 and S0/8/W/I137TNW//CML550 under two water regimes; mild drought stress (50% FC) and well-watered conditions (100% FC). The rhizobacterial strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical tests, and evaluated for plant growth-promoting and abiotic stress tolerance traits. Results and discussion The synergistic effect of the bacterial strains had a highly significant ( p < 0.001) effect on the total soluble sugar, soil moisture content and relative water content, which were enhanced under water-stress in the inoculated plants. Relative water content was significantly highest ( p < 0.001) in maize plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 (60.55%). Total chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced in maize seedlings sole inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4, Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13, and co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 by 15.91%, 14.99% and 15.75% respectively, over the un-inoculated control. Soil moisture content increased by 28.67% and 30.71% compared to the un-inoculated control when plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 and Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 respectively. The interactive effect of genotype × bacteria significantly enhanced biomass production. Leaf area was highest in maize plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 (212.45 ± 0.87 cm 2 ) under drought stress. Treatment of maize seeds with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP 4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 significantly increased the root length (10.32 ± 0.48 cm) which enhanced survival of the maize seedlings. Bioinoculation of maize seeds with these strains could boost maize production cultivated in arid regions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial strains enhanced total soluble sugar under water stress.
- Treatment
- bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of the bacterial strains had a highly significant ( p < 0.001) effect on the total soluble sugar, soil moisture content and relative water content, which were enhanced under water-stress in the inoculated plants”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial strains enhanced soil moisture content under water stress.
- Treatment
- bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of the bacterial strains had a highly significant ( p < 0.001) effect on the total soluble sugar, soil moisture content and relative water content, which were enhanced under water-stress in the inoculated plants”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial strains enhanced relative water content under water stress.
- Treatment
- bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of the bacterial strains had a highly significant ( p < 0.001) effect on the total soluble sugar, soil moisture content and relative water content, which were enhanced under water-stress in the inoculated plants”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MRBP4 plus MRBP10 gave the highest maize relative water content of 60.55%.
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Relative water contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 60.55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative water content was significantly highest ( p < 0.001) in maize plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 (60.55%)”
Claim · model-written summary
MRBP4 alone increased chlorophyll content by 15.91% over control.
- Treatment
- sole inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15.91%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced in maize seedlings sole inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4, Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13, and co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 by 15.91%, 14.99% and 15.75% respectively, over the un-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
MRBP13 alone increased chlorophyll content by 14.99% over control.
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 14.99%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced in maize seedlings sole inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4, Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13, and co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 by 15.91%, 14.99% and 15.75% respectively, over the un-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
MRBP13 plus MRBP10 increased chlorophyll content by 15.75% over control.
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15.75%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced in maize seedlings sole inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4, Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13, and co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 by 15.91%, 14.99% and 15.75% respectively, over the un-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported MRBP4 plus MRBP10 treatment increased soil moisture by 28.67%.
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.67%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture content increased by 28.67% and 30.71% compared to the un-inoculated control when plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 and Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same reported MRBP4 plus MRBP10 treatment increased soil moisture by 30.71%.
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.71%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture content increased by 28.67% and 30.71% compared to the un-inoculated control when plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 and Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by bacteria interaction significantly enhanced biomass production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interactive effect of genotype × bacteria significantly enhanced biomass production”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MRBP4 plus MRBP13 produced the highest leaf area under drought, 212.45 ± 0.87 cm 2.
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 212.45 ± 0.87 cm 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area was highest in maize plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 (212.45 ± 0.87 cm 2 ) under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple-strain seed treatment significantly increased root length to 10.32 ± 0.48 cm.
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP 4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP 4e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.32 ± 0.48 cme0
- Qualifier
- Bacillus sp. MRBP10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of maize seeds with Pseudomonas sp. MRBP 4 + Pseudomonas sp. MRBP13 + Bacillus sp. MRBP10 significantly increased the root length (10.32 ± 0.48 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer roots from triple-strain treatment enhanced seedling survival.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the root length (10.32 ± 0.48 cm) which enhanced survival of the maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose seed bioinoculation to boost maize production in arid regions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bioinoculation of maize seeds with these strains could boost maize production cultivated in arid regions”
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