Abstract
Safflower germination and seedling growth stages are extremely sensitive to salinity. The study aimed to identify safflower genotypes' germination, seedling growth responses, and biochemical changes in tolerant and susceptible genotypes in response to salt stress. Total of 28 genotypes were subjected to salt (NaCl) treatments (0, 180, 240 mM), and germination percentage, mean germination time, seedling and root lengths, and vigor index of the genotypes were determined. The genotype, treatments, and interaction effects were significant for germination, seedling, and biochemical parameters. The genotypes' germination percentage, seedling length, root length, and vigor index decreased under salt stress. While the reduction in germination percentage of salt-tolerant genotypes was between 6-21%, it was between 46-65% in sensitive genotypes at 240 mM salt treatment. Five tolerant (Shufu, Sidwill, Finch, Yuyao, Oleic Leed) and sensitive (Huaxian, Linas, 4022, Oker, Rehbein) genotypes were chosen based on reductions in germination percentage and vigor index, and the proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of these genotypes were investigated. The proline content of the genotypes increased by 26 to 56 fold at 180 mM salt concentration. The hydrogen peroxide content of sensitive and tolerant genotypes increased at 180 mM salt treatment, but at 240 mM salt treatment, the hydrogen peroxide content of the sensitive genotypes continued to increase by 6-50%, hydrogen peroxide content decreased in tolerant genotypes by 10-30%. MDA contents increased in the sensitive and tolerant genotypes, but the level of increase was higher in sensitive genotypes (307-631%) than the tolerant genotypes (103-323%) at 240 mM salt treatment. The heatmap generated by means of sensitive and tolerant genotypes showed 28 coefficients and 5 of which were significant. These results show that changes in hydrogen peroxide and MDA contents are different between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. They could be useful selection criteria along with germination percentages for determining tolerant and susceptible safflower genotypes at the seedling stage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, salt treatment and their interaction significantly affected germination, seedling and biochemical parameters.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- germination, seedling, and biochemical parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype, treatments, and interaction effects were significant for germination, seedling, and biochemical parameters”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced germination percentage, seedling length, root length and vigor index.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, seedling length, root length, and vigor indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotypes' germination percentage, seedling length, root length, and vigor index decreased under salt stress”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 mM salt, tolerant genotypes lost 6-21% germination, while sensitive genotypes lost 46-65%.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- salt-tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- 240 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 6-21%e0
- Qualifier
- 46-65%e0
- Comparator
- sensitive genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in germination percentage of salt-tolerant genotypes was between 6-21%, it was between 46-65% in sensitive genotypes at 240 mM salt treatment”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Shufu, Sidwill, Finch, Yuyao and Oleic Leed were selected as tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Shufu, Sidwill, Finch, Yuyao, Oleic Leede0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five tolerant (Shufu, Sidwill, Finch, Yuyao, Oleic Leed)”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Huaxian, Linas, 4022, Oker and Rehbein were selected as sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Huaxian, Linas, 4022, Oker, Rehbeine0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sensitive (Huaxian, Linas, 4022, Oker, Rehbein) genotypes”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content rose 26 to 56 fold at 180 mM salt.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 180 mM salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26 to 56 folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proline content of the genotypes increased by 26 to 56 fold at 180 mM salt concentration”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content increased at 180 mM salt in both tolerant and sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- sensitive and tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- 180 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hydrogen peroxide content of sensitive and tolerant genotypes increased at 180 mM salt treatment”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 mM salt, hydrogen peroxide content increased 6-50% in sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- sensitive genotypese0
- Treatment
- 240 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6-50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 240 mM salt treatment, the hydrogen peroxide content of the sensitive genotypes continued to increase by 6-50%”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 mM salt, hydrogen peroxide content decreased 10-30% in tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- 240 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10-30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 240 mM salt treatment, the hydrogen peroxide content of the sensitive genotypes continued to increase by 6-50%, hydrogen peroxide content decreased in tolerant genotypes by 10-30%”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 mM salt, MDA content increased 307-631% in sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- sensitive genotypese0
- Treatment
- 240 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 307-631%e0
- Comparator
- tolerant genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA contents increased in the sensitive and tolerant genotypes, but the level of increase was higher in sensitive genotypes (307-631%) than the tolerant genotypes (103-323%) at 240 mM salt treatment”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 240 mM salt, MDA content increased 103-323% in tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- 240 mM salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 103-323%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA contents increased in the sensitive and tolerant genotypes, but the level of increase was higher in sensitive genotypes (307-631%) than the tolerant genotypes (103-323%) at 240 mM salt treatment”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The genotype heatmap yielded 28 coefficients, five significant.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- coefficientse0
- Value
- 28e0
- Qualifier
- 5 of which were significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The heatmap generated by means of sensitive and tolerant genotypes showed 28 coefficients and 5 of which were significant”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide and MDA changes were proposed as selection criteria alongside germination percentage.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- useful selection criteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They could be useful selection criteria along with germination percentages for determining tolerant and susceptible safflower genotypes at the seedling stage”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.