Abstract
Abstract Drought is one of the major threats to food security. Among several mechanisms involved in plant stress tolerance, one protein family—the plant metallothioneins (MTs)—shows great promise for enhancing drought resistance. Plant metallothioneins in oat ( Avena sativa L.) have not yet been deeply analysed, and the literature lacks a comprehensive study of the whole family of plant MTs in response to drought. In this study, we showed that the number and nature of cis -elements linked with stress response in promoters of AsMTs1–3 differed depending on the MT type. Drought stress in oat plants caused an increase in the expression of AsMT2 and AsMT3 and a decrease in the expression of AsMT1 compared to well-watered plants. Moreover, the low values of relative water content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis ( P N ), transpiration ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), chlorophyll a , and carotenoid were accompanied by high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress. The present study puts forward the idea that AsMTs are crucial for oat response to drought stress not only by regulating antioxidant activity but also by changing the plant water regime and photosynthesis. Our results support the hypothesis that structural differences among types of plant MTs reflect their diversified physiological roles.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Stress-related cis-element number and nature in AsMTs1–3 promoters differed with MT type.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.
Avena sativat0 - Gene
- AsMTs1–3e0
- Outcome
- number and nature of cis -elementse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number and nature of cis -elements linked with stress response in promoters of AsMTs1–3 differed depending on the MT type”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased AsMT2 and AsMT3 expression compared with well-watered oat plants.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Gene
- AsMT2 and AsMT3e0
- Outcome
- expression of AsMT2 and AsMT3e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress in oat plants caused an increase in the expression of AsMT2 and AsMT3 and a decrease in the expression of AsMT1 compared to well-watered plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased AsMT1 expression compared with well-watered oat plants.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Gene
- AsMT1e0
- Outcome
- expression of AsMT1e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress in oat plants caused an increase in the expression of AsMT2 and AsMT3 and a decrease in the expression of AsMT1 compared to well-watered plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed oats had low relative water content and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content, water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low values of relative water content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis ( P N ), transpiration ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), chlorophyll a , and carotenoid were accompanied by high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress.”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed oats had low net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis ( P N ), transpiration ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g s )e0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low values of relative water content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis ( P N ), transpiration ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), chlorophyll a , and carotenoid were accompanied by high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress.”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed oats had low chlorophyll a and carotenoid levels.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a , and carotenoide0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low values of relative water content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis ( P N ), transpiration ( E ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), chlorophyll a , and carotenoid were accompanied by high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress.”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed oats had high electrolyte leakage, internal CO2 concentration and abscisic acid content.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high levels of electrolyte leakage, internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) and abscisic acid content, and high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress.”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed oats had high antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidants enzymese0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high activity of antioxidants enzymes in plants under drought stress”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that AsMTs contribute to oat drought responses by regulating antioxidant activity and changing water regime and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Gene
- AsMTse0
- Outcome
- response to drought stresse0
- Qualifier
- regulating antioxidant activity but also by changing the plant water regime and photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study puts forward the idea that AsMTs are crucial for oat response to drought stress not only by regulating antioxidant activity but also by changing the plant water regime and photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
The results support the hypothesis that structural differences among MT types reflect different physiological roles.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa L.Avena sativat0
- Gene
- plant MTse0
- Outcome
- diversified physiological rolese0
- Qualifier
- structural differences among types of plant MTse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results support the hypothesis that structural differences among types of plant MTs reflect their diversified physiological roles.”
t0“Avena sativa L.”
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