Abstract
Phosphate fertilization is an important tool for achieving high yields in soybean, especially in tropical soils where phosphate fertilization efficiency is low. Fertilizers with improved efficiency, such as polymer-coated fertilizers, are one of several strategies to increase P fertilization efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth, leaf P content, soybean yield, and P fertilization efficiency in different seasons in response to P rates and sources. A factorial experiment (2 x 4) + 1 using two P sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Policote-coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1), and the control (no P fertilization) was conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons. Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield and was affected by P rates and sources. Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5, while when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE), which was mitigated by P-coated fertilizer (fertilizer with improved efficiency). Lower APUE was observed in the 2019/2020 season, likely as a result of residual effects from previous phosphate fertilizer applications
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Phosphate fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield varied with phosphorus rates and sources.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P rates and sourcese0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean yield and was affected by P rates and sources”
Claim · model-written summary
MAP produced 3,638.5 kg ha-1 maximum soybean yield at 158.0 kg ha-1 P2O5 in 2017/2018.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- MAPe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3,638.5 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5e0
- Comparator
- without P fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5”
Claim · model-written summary
MAP produced 3,682.1 kg ha-1 soybean yield at its season-specific optimum.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- MAPe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3,682.1 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- without P fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5”
Claim · model-written summary
MAP produced 3,856.7 kg ha-1 soybean yield at its season-specific optimum.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- MAPe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3,856.7 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5”
Claim · model-written summary
Policote coated MAP yielded a maximum of 3,950.3 kg ha-1 at 159.0 kg ha-1 P2O5 in 2017/2018.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Policote coated MAPe0
- Outcome
- maximum productivitye0
- Value
- 3,950.3 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2017/2018e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons”
e1“Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Policote coated MAP yielded a maximum of 4,380.5 kg ha-1 in 2018/2019.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Policote coated MAPe0
- Outcome
- maximum productivitye0
- Value
- 4,380.5 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2018/2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons”
e1“Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Policote coated MAP yielded a maximum of 4,343.0 kg ha-1 in 2019/2020.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Policote coated MAPe0
- Outcome
- maximum productivitye0
- Value
- 4,343.0 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2019/2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons”
e1“Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic phosphorus use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Increasing phosphate fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- agronomic P use efficiency (APUE)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE)”
e1“conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
P-coated fertilizer mitigated the decrease in agronomic phosphorus use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- P-coated fertilizere0
- Outcome
- agronomic P use efficiency (APUE)e0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE), which was mitigated by P-coated fertilizer (fertilizer with improved efficiency)”
e1“conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic phosphorus use efficiency was lower in the 2019/2020 season.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- APUEe0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Qualifier
- 2019/2020 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower APUE was observed in the 2019/2020 season”
e1“conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons”
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