Abstract
The effects of climate change have a great impact on the Mediterranean regions which are experiencing an increase in drought periods with extreme temperatures. Among the various solutions reported to reduce the damage caused by extreme environmental conditions on olive plants, the application of anti-transpirant products is widespread. In an increasingly current scenario of climate change, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of kaolin on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of drupes and oil in a little-known olive cultivar known as "Racioppella", belonging to the autochthonous germplasm of Campania (Southern Italy). To this purpose, the determination of maturation index, olive yield/plant, and bioactive components analysis (anthocyanins, carotenoids, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and fatty acids) were carried out. Kaolin applications showed no statistically significant differences in terms of production/plant while a significant increase in the drupe oil content was observed. Kaolin treatments resulted in increased anthocyanins (+24%) and total polyphenols (+60%) content and at the same time a significant increase in the antioxidant activity (+41%) of drupes was recorded. As far as oil is concerned, the results showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, and total polyphenols (+11%). On the basis of the results obtained, we can conclude that kaolin treatment can be considered as a sustainable solution to improve qualitative parameters in olive drupes and oil.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin did not significantly change olive production per plant.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae1 - Treatment
- Kaoline0
- Outcome
- production/plante0
- Direction
- no statistically significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin applications showed no statistically significant differences in terms of production/plant”
e1“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin significantly increased drupe oil content.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae2
- Treatment
- Kaoline1
- Outcome
- drupe oil contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in the drupe oil content was observed”
e1“Kaolin applications”
e2“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased drupe anthocyanins by +24%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- Kaolin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin treatments resulted in increased anthocyanins (+24%) and total polyphenols (+60%) content and at the same time a significant increase in the antioxidant activity (+41%) of drupes was recorded.”
e1“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased drupe total polyphenols by +60%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- Kaolin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total polyphenolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- +60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin treatments resulted in increased anthocyanins (+24%) and total polyphenols (+60%) content and at the same time a significant increase in the antioxidant activity (+41%) of drupes was recorded.”
e1“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased drupe antioxidant activity by +41%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- Kaolin treatmentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin treatments resulted in increased anthocyanins (+24%) and total polyphenols (+60%) content and at the same time a significant increase in the antioxidant activity (+41%) of drupes was recorded.”
e1“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae2
- Treatment
- kaolin treatmente1
- Outcome
- monounsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, and total polyphenols (+11%).”
e1“kaolin treatment”
e2“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased oleic and linoleic acids in olive oil.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae2
- Treatment
- kaolin treatmente1
- Outcome
- oleic and linoleic acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, and total polyphenols (+11%).”
e1“kaolin treatment”
e2“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin increased olive oil total polyphenols by 11%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae2
- Treatment
- kaolin treatmente1
- Outcome
- total polyphenolse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, and total polyphenols (+11%).”
e1“kaolin treatment”
e2“olive plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider kaolin a sustainable way to improve olive drupe and oil quality.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- kaolin treatmente0
- Outcome
- improve qualitative parameters in olive drupes and oile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kaolin treatment can be considered as a sustainable solution to improve qualitative parameters in olive drupes and oil.”
The same questions in other papers
kaolin · yield · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
kaolin · quality: oil · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
kaolin · quality: phytochemicals · Olea europaea (common olive)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.