Abstract
The increased ultraviolet radiation (UV) due to the altered stratospheric ozone leads to multiple plant physiological and biochemical adaptations, likely affecting their interaction with other organisms, such as pests and pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and UV-B treatment can be used as eco-friendly techniques to protect crops from pests by activating plant mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we investigated plant (Lactuca sativa) response to UV-B exposure and Funneliformis mosseae (IMA1) inoculation as well as the role of a major insect pest, Spodoptera littoralis. Lettuce plants exposed to UV-B were heavier and taller than non-irradiated ones. A considerable enrichment in phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity, along with redder and more homogenous leaf color, were also observed in UV-B-treated but not in AMF-inoculated plants. Biometric and biochemical data did not differ between AMF and non-AMF plants. AMF-inoculated plants showed hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and spores in their roots. AMF colonization levels were not affected by UV-B irradiation. No changes in S. littoralis-feeding behavior towards treated and untreated plants were observed, suggesting the ability of this generalist herbivore to overcome the plant chemical defenses boosted by UV-B exposure. The results of this multi-factorial study shed light on how polyphagous insect pests can cope with multiple plant physiological and biochemical adaptations following biotic and abiotic preconditioning.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposed lettuce plants were heavier and taller than unexposed plants.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- heavier and tallere0
- Direction
- heaviere0
- Comparator
- non-irradiated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce plants exposed to UV-B were heavier and taller than non-irradiated ones”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B enriched lettuce phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- UV-B-treatede0
- Outcome
- phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanine0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Comparator
- AMF-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A considerable enrichment in phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity, along with redder and more homogenous leaf color, were also observed in UV-B-treated but not in AMF-inoculated plants”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B enriched carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- UV-B-treatede0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Comparator
- AMF-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A considerable enrichment in phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity, along with redder and more homogenous leaf color, were also observed in UV-B-treated but not in AMF-inoculated plants”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B treated leaves were redder and more uniform in color.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- UV-B-treatede0
- Outcome
- leaf colore0
- Direction
- reddere0
- Comparator
- AMF-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“redder and more homogenous leaf color, were also observed in UV-B-treated but not in AMF-inoculated plants”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Biometric and biochemical data did not differ between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Biometric and biochemical datae0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- non-AMF plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biometric and biochemical data did not differ between AMF and non-AMF plants”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculated lettuce had fungal structures in roots.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and spores in their rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF-inoculated plants showed hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and spores in their roots”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not affect mycorrhizal colonization levels.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- UV-B irradiatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization levelse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization levels were not affected by UV-B irradiation”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not change S. littoralis feeding behavior toward lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Interactor
- S. littoralis
Spodoptera littoralise0pest - Outcome
- S. littoralis-feeding behaviore0
- Direction
- No changese0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No changes in S. littoralis-feeding behavior towards treated and untreated plants were observed”
t0“Lactuca sativa”
The same questions in other papers
uv · quality: phytochemicals · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results differ
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- no effect
- negative
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- positive
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.