Abstract
BACKGROUND: l-Glutamate is involved in many important chemical reactions in horticultural products and improves postharvest disease resistance. Quality decline of apple fruit caused by senescence and fungus invasion often leads to tremendous losses during logistics. This study was performed to evaluate the variations of quality attributes, carotenoid, sorbitol and sucrose metabolisms in apples (cv. Qiujin) after l-glutamate dipping treatment. RESUITS: l-Glutamate immersion maintained high values of L*, a* and b*, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, as well as the total soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents in apples. l-Glutamate also decreased mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene release, enhanced sucrose synthase-cleavage, acid invertase and neutral invertase activities, whereas reduced sorbitol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase synthesis and sorbitol oxidase activities in apples. Moreover, l-glutamate inhibited lutein, β-carotene and lycopene accumulation, and down-regulated phytoene synthase, lycopene β-cyclase, ζ-carotene desaturase, phytoene desaturase, carotenoid isomerase, ζ-carotene isomerase and carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase gene expressions, but up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene expression in apples. CONCLUSION: Postharvest l-glutamate dipping treatment can keep apple quality by modulating key enzyme activity and gene expression in sorbitol, sucrose and carotenoid metabolisms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate maintained apple color metrics.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- l-Glutamate immersione0
- Outcome
- L*, a* and b*e0
- Direction
- maintained highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate immersion maintained high values of L*, a* and b*”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate maintained fruit firmness and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- l-Glutamate immersione0
- Outcome
- flesh firmness, titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- maintained highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate immersion maintained high values of L*, a* and b*, flesh firmness, titratable acidity”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate maintained soluble solids, sugars and ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- l-Glutamate immersione0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contentse0
- Direction
- maintained highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate immersion maintained high values of L*, a* and b*, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, as well as the total soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents in apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate reduced apple mass loss, respiration and ethylene release.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- l-Glutamatee0
- Outcome
- mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene releasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate also decreased mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene release”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate enhanced three sucrose-related enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- l-Glutamatee0
- Outcome
- sucrose synthase-cleavage, acid invertase and neutral invertase activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate also decreased mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene release, enhanced sucrose synthase-cleavage, acid invertase and neutral invertase activities”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate reduced sorbitol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase synthesis activities.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- l-Glutamatee0
- Outcome
- sorbitol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase synthesis and sorbitol oxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-Glutamate also decreased mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene release, enhanced sucrose synthase-cleavage, acid invertase and neutral invertase activities, whereas reduced sorbitol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase synthesis and sorbitol oxidase activities in apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate inhibited lutein, beta carotene and lycopene accumulation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- l-glutamatee0
- Outcome
- lutein, β-carotene and lycopene accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“l-glutamate inhibited lutein, β-carotene and lycopene accumulation”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate downregulated seven carotenoid pathway gene expressions.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- phytoene synthase, lycopene β-cyclase, ζ-carotene desaturase, phytoene desaturase, carotenoid isomerase, ζ-carotene isomerase and carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase gene expressionse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulated phytoene synthase, lycopene β-cyclase, ζ-carotene desaturase, phytoene desaturase, carotenoid isomerase, ζ-carotene isomerase and carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase gene expressions”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate upregulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene expression in apples”
The same questions in other papers
application · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →application · physiology: osmolytes · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.