Abstract
Sorbitol is a major photosynthate produced in leaves and transported through the phloem of apple (Malus domestica) and other tree fruits in Rosaceae. Sorbitol stimulates its own metabolism, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is involved in regulating the sorbitol-responsive expression of both SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (SDH1) and ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (A6PR), encoding 2 key enzymes in sorbitol metabolism. SnRK1 expression is increased by feeding of exogenous sorbitol but decreased by sucrose. SnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP39. bZIP39 binds to the promoters of both SDH1 and A6PR and activates their expression. Overexpression of SnRK1 in 'Royal Gala' apple increases its protein level and activity, upregulating transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PR without altering the expression of bZIP39. Of all the sugars tested, sorbitol is the only 1 that stimulates SDH1 and A6PR expression, and this stimulation is blocked by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39. These findings reveal that sorbitol acts as a signal regulating its own metabolism via SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of bZIP39, which integrates sorbitol signaling into the SnRK1-mediated sugar signaling network to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 regulates sorbitol-responsive expression of SDH1 and A6PR.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Gene
- SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- sorbitol-responsive expression of both SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (SDH1) and ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (A6PR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SnRK1) is involved in regulating the sorbitol-responsive expression of both SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (SDH1) and ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (A6PR)”
t0“SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sorbitol increased SnRK1 expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- feeding of exogenous sorbitole0
- Outcome
- SnRK1 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SnRK1 expression is increased by feeding of exogenous sorbitol but decreased by sucrose”
t0“SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose decreased SnRK1 expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- SnRK1 expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“SnRK1 expression is increased by feeding of exogenous sorbitol but decreased by sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates bZIP39.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylates the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“SnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP39”
Claim · model-written summary
bZIP39 binds SDH1 and A6PR promoters and activates their expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- bZIP39e0
- Outcome
- activates their expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“bZIP39 binds to the promoters of both SDH1 and A6PR and activates their expression”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 overexpression increased its protein level and activity in Royal Gala apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- 'Royal Gala'e0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SnRK1e0
- Gene
- SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- protein level and activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SnRK1 in 'Royal Gala' apple increases its protein level and activity”
t0“SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 overexpression upregulated SDH1 and A6PR transcripts.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- 'Royal Gala'e0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SnRK1e0
- Gene
- SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PRe0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Overexpression of SnRK1 in 'Royal Gala' apple increases its protein level and activity, upregulating transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PR without altering the expression of bZIP39”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 overexpression did not alter bZIP39 expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- 'Royal Gala'e0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- expression of bZIP39e0
- Direction
- without alteringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SnRK1 in 'Royal Gala' apple increases its protein level and activity, upregulating transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PR without altering the expression of bZIP39”
t0“SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Among tested sugars, only sorbitol stimulated SDH1 and A6PR expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sorbitole0
- Outcome
- SDH1 and A6PR expressione0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
- Comparator
- all the sugars testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Of all the sugars tested, sorbitol is the only 1 that stimulates SDH1 and A6PR expression”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi repression of SnRK1 blocked sorbitol stimulation of SDH1 and A6PR expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39e0
- Gene
- SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- this stimulatione0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“this stimulation is blocked by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi repression of bZIP39 blocked sorbitol stimulation of SDH1 and A6PR expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39e0
- Gene
- bZIP39e0
- Outcome
- this stimulatione0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“this stimulation is blocked by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbitol signals through SnRK1 phosphorylation of bZIP39 to regulate its metabolism.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- bZIP39e0
- Compound
- sorbitole0
- Outcome
- regulating its own metabolisme0
- Qualifier
- SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of bZIP39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“sorbitol acts as a signal regulating its own metabolism via SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of bZIP39”
The same questions in other papers
sucrose · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
infection · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.