Abstract
Goal. To investigate the peculiarities of the formation of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat at different levels of organo-mineral nutrition in the Polissia zone. Methods. Field — stationary experiment; laboratory — determination of quality indicators of soil and grain according to the generally accepted methods; the processing of experimental data — using Microsoft Office Excel computer program. Results. Research conducted during 2016–2020 on the dynamics of moisture reserves in sod-podzolic drained soil had established that during the period of grain formation and swelling, productive moisture reserves in the 0–100 cm soil layer decreased to a critical level of 60–80 mm (by 130–200 mm — during the period of vegetation recovery). In conditions of low soil moisture, 2.67 t/ha of grain (14.1% increase compared to absolute control) was obtained under the biological fertilizer system (byproducts of soybeans). Against the background of the by-products the introduction of the recommended for the zone dose of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60), the yield of grain increased to 3.52 t/ha. The highest grain productivity (3.86 t/ha) was obtained with the use of an increased (intensive) dose of mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90) with a separate application of nitrogen in 3 stages (N30 — for sowing, N30 — at the output to the tube, N30 — at grain swelling) in combination with side products. The fullness of the wheat grain did not depend significantly on the fertilizer system. The weight of 1000 seeds was 41.0–43.0 g, the grain quality index was within 738–748 g/l. The protein content in the versions with fertilizer application was 13.7–14.2%, on the increased background — 14.5%, which was 1.6% more than the indicator in the control version. Conclusions. The highest level of profitability of growing winter wheat was achieved under the biological fertilizer system using soybean by-products — 150%. Although the application of the enhanced fertilizer system (N90P90K90) in combination with by-products resulted in the highest grain yield (3.52 t/ha) and its protein content (14.5%), the profitability of winter wheat cultivation decreased to 68%. That is, mineral fertilizers increase and improve the quality indicators of grain and at the same time reduce the profitability of crop cultivation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture declined to 60–80 mm during grain formation and swelling.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- productive moisture reservese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 60–80 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productive moisture reserves in the 0–100 cm soil layer decreased to a critical level of 60–80 mm”
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilizer produced 2.67 t/ha grain, 14.1% above absolute control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizer system (byproducts of soybeans)e0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.67 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 14.1%e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“2.67 t/ha of grain (14.1% increase compared to absolute control) was obtained under the biological fertilizer system (byproducts of soybeans)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding N60P60K60 to by-products increased grain yield to 3.52 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60)e0
- Outcome
- yield of graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.52 t/hae0
- Comparator
- by-productse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“Against the background of the by-products the introduction of the recommended for the zone dose of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60), the yield of grain increased to 3.52 t/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
N90P90K90 with split nitrogen and side products gave the highest grain productivity, 3.86 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90)e0
- Outcome
- grain productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.86 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“The highest grain productivity (3.86 t/ha) was obtained with the use of an increased (intensive) dose of mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90) with a separate application of nitrogen in 3 stages (N30 — for sowing, N30 — at the output to the tube, N30 — at grain swelling) in combination with side products.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer system had no significant effect on wheat grain fullness.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fertilizer systeme0
- Outcome
- fullness of the wheat graine0
- Direction
- did not depend significantlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“The fullness of the wheat grain did not depend significantly on the fertilizer system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-seed weight ranged from 41.0 to 43.0 g.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 seedse0
- Value
- 41.0–43.0 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“The weight of 1000 seeds was 41.0–43.0 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain quality index ranged from 738 to 748 g/l.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain quality indexe0
- Value
- 738–748 g/le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“the grain quality index was within 738–748 g/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content with fertilizer was 13.7–14.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Value
- 13.7–14.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“The protein content in the versions with fertilizer application was 13.7–14.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased fertilizer background gave 14.5% protein, 1.6% above control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased backgrounde0
- Outcome
- protein contente1
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 14.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.6%e0
- Comparator
- control versione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“on the increased background — 14.5%, which was 1.6% more than the indicator in the control version”
e1“The protein content in the versions with fertilizer application was 13.7–14.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
The biological fertilizer system using soybean by-products achieved 150% profitability.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizer system using soybean by-productse0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 150%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“The highest level of profitability of growing winter wheat was achieved under the biological fertilizer system using soybean by-products — 150%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The enhanced fertilizer system with by-products reduced profitability to 68%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- enhanced fertilizer system (N90P90K90)e1
- Outcome
- profitability of winter wheat cultivatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The yield of winter wheat in conditions of moisture deficit on sod-podzolic soil”
e0“the profitability of winter wheat cultivation decreased to 68%”
e1“the application of the enhanced fertilizer system (N90P90K90) in combination with by-products”
The same questions in other papers
Glycine max · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →fertilization · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 98 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
121 papers more in this group
See all 125 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.