Abstract
Abstract This study was carried out on a private vineyard, located in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during the growing season (2021) to investigate the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (Tecamin Max) (AA) at (0, 5, 10 mL/L), benzyl adenine (BA) at (0, 100, 200 mg/L), Nano-NPK fertilizer at (0, 2, 4 g/L) and their interactions on the productivity, physical and chemical fruit characteristics of grape cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’. The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries. Triple interaction effects of AA + BA + Nano-NPK also resulted in many significant differences, in which 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%). However, the highest mean value of vitamin C (3.63 mg/g f.w.) resulted from foliar application of 5 mL/L AA, both control and 100 mg/L BA and 2 g/L Nano-NPK, whereas the triple interactions of 10 mL/L AA+ 100 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK, and 5 mL/L AA + 0 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK gave the significant superior values of total carotene (3.01 mg/kg) and total phenol (1.46%) contents, respectively.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised number of clusters per vine.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- number of clusters per vinee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised cluster weight.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- cluster weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised total yield per vine.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total yield per vinee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised total sugars%.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total sugars%e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised total soluble solids%.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids%e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised vitamin C.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised total carotene.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total carotenee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest foliar concentrations, singly or together, raised total phenol contents.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total phenol contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results confirmed that the highest concentrations of all applicants; AA, BA and Nano-NPK either solely or as a triple combination, recorded the higher values of the number of clusters per vine, cluster weight, total yield per vine, total sugars%, total soluble solids%, vitamin C, total carotene and total phenol contents in the berries.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple foliar combination produced a superior number of clusters per vine of 61.33.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- number of clusters per vinee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 61.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%).”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple foliar combination produced a superior cluster weight of 1.25 kg.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- cluster weighte0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 1.25 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%).”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple foliar combination produced a superior total yield per vine of 77.73 kg.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total yield per vinee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 77.73 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%).”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple foliar combination produced a superior total sugars of 29.18%.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total sugarse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 29.18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%).”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
The triple foliar combination produced a superior total soluble solids of 29.9%.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 29.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA + 200 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK obtained the superior significant values of the number of clusters per vine (61.33), cluster weight (1.25 kg), total yield per vine (77.73 kg), total sugars (29.18%), and total soluble solids (29.9%).”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
5 mL/L AA, both control and 100 mg/L BA and 2 g/L Nano-NPK gave the highest vitamin C value, 3.63 mg/g f.w..
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 5 mL/L AA, both control and 100 mg/L BA and 2 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.63 mg/g f.w.e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the highest mean value of vitamin C (3.63 mg/g f.w.) resulted from foliar application of 5 mL/L AA, both control and 100 mg/L BA and 2 g/L Nano-NPK”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
10 mL/L AA+ 100 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK gave the highest total carotene value, 3.01 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 10 mL/L AA+ 100 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total carotenee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 3.01 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA+ 100 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK, and 5 mL/L AA + 0 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK gave the significant superior values of total carotene (3.01 mg/kg) and total phenol (1.46%) contents, respectively.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
Claim · model-written summary
5 mL/L AA + 0 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK gave the highest total phenol value, 1.46%.
- Taxon
- Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’t0
- Treatment
- 5 mL/L AA + 0 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPKe0
- Outcome
- total phenole0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 1.46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“10 mL/L AA+ 100 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK, and 5 mL/L AA + 0 mg/L BA + 4 g/L Nano-NPK gave the significant superior values of total carotene (3.01 mg/kg) and total phenol (1.46%) contents, respectively.”
t0“Grapevine cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’”
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